葡萄行内覆盖对土壤细菌群落结构的影响

为探究葡萄枝条覆盖对葡萄园土壤细菌群落结构的影响,本研究在宁夏贺兰山东麓产区的5年生赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)葡萄园,设置葡萄枝条覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖和清耕(CK)3个处理,2年后用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌群落结构,并分析其与土壤理化性质之间的关系。结果表明,葡萄园土壤样品中共检测到56个细菌门类。3个处理中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)为丰度大于10%的主要优势菌。其中,变形菌门和放线菌门与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关,酸杆菌门与pH值呈显著负相关,而绿弯菌门与有机质含量呈显著负相关。由线性判别分析(LDA)可知,玉米秸秆覆盖处理优势菌主要有7种,而葡萄枝条覆盖处理只有1种优势菌。以上研究结果表明,两种覆盖处理均可以增加土壤细菌群落丰度和多样性,其中以玉米秸秆覆盖处理整体效果较好。本研究为葡萄行内覆盖技术的应用及宁夏贺兰山东麓产区酿酒葡萄的可持续栽培提供了理论和实践依据。

Effects of Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Vineyard Intra-Row Mulching

To explore effects of grapevine branch mulching on soil bacterial community structure in vineyards, this study was conducted in a 5-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain, Ningxia. Three treatments were designed with: grapevine branch mulching, corn straw mulching and clear tillage. Two years later, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze soil bacterial community structure and its relationship with soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that 56 phylums of bacteria were detected in soil samples from the vineyard. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacteria with the abundance more than 10% in all treatments. Proteus and Actinomycetes were positively correlated with soil organic matter content; Acidobacterium was negatively correlated with pH value; and Curvularia was negatively correlated with soil organic matter content. The linear discriminant analysis showed that there were 7 dominant bacteria in maize straw mulching treatment, while only one dominant strain in grapevine branch mulching treatment. The above results showed that both mulching treatments could increase the abundance and diversity of soil bacterial community, and corn straw mulching had a better effect. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for the application of vineyard intra-row mulching technology and the sustainable cultivation of wine grape in the eastern foot of Helan mountain, Ningxia.