粉末状有机肥条施排肥器设计与试验

针对粉末状有机肥湿度大、流动性差、条施困难等问题,设计了一种粉末状有机肥排肥器。该装置主要由肥箱、排肥拨轮、防自流挡板和排肥轴组成。为了提高排肥器的适用性,以不同含水率（（28±1）%、（32±1）%、（36±1）%）的粉末状有机肥为研究对象进行排肥器设计。对拨轮推动过程中的有机肥进行力学分析,将排肥拨轮设计成摆线型。为了防止有机肥直接通过肥箱底板的排肥口产生自流现象,以及破碎结块的有机肥,设计了防自流挡板。以排肥指数和排肥口宽度为试验因素,排肥稳定性变异系数为性能指标,进行二次正交旋转组合试验,建立排肥器离散元仿真模型,得到排肥指数为6个、排肥口宽度36.36mm时排肥稳定性最好;以断条率、各行排肥量一致性变异系数、排肥稳定性变异系数与排肥均匀性变异系数为评价指标对设计的排肥器进行性能测试试验,试验结果表明：排肥器对不同含水率有机肥以5~8km/h的速度施用时各性能指标均在规定范围内,工作性能稳定,满足技术要求。

Design and Experiment of Powder Organic Fertilizer Drilling Fertilizer Distributor

Aiming at the problems of high humidity, poor fluidity, and difficulty in applying powder organic fertilizer, a powder organic fertilizer discharging device was designed. The device was mainly composed of a fertilizer box, a fertilizer discharging wheel, an anti-free-flow baffle and a fertilizer discharging shaft. In order to improve the applicability of the fertilizer distributor, the powder organic fertilizer with different moisture content ((28±1)%, (32±1)%, (36±1)%) was used as the research object to design the fertilizer distributor. The mechanical analysis of the organic fertilizer during the driving process of the fertilizer discharging wheel was carried out, and the wheel was designed into a cycloidal shape. In order to prevent the organic fertilizer from passing through the fertilizer outlet directly on the bottom of the fertilizer tank to produce self-flow phenomenon, and break the agglomerated organic fertilizer, an anti-free-flow baffle was designed. Taking the number of fertilizer discharging finger and the width of the fertilizer outlet as the experimental factors, and coefficient of variation of fertilization stability as the performance index, the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination experiment was carried out to establish the discrete element simulation model of the fertilizer distribution. The fertilization stability was the best when the number of fertilizer discharging finger was 6 and the width of the fertilizer outlet was 36.36mm. The performance test of the designed fertilizer distribution was carried out with the cutting down rate, coefficient of variation of fertilization consistency of each row, coefficient of variation of fertilization stability and coefficient of variation of fertilization uniformity as the evaluation index. It was showed that when the designed fertilizer distribution applied the organic fertilizer with different moisture contents at a speed of 5~8km/h, each performance index was within the specified range, and the working performance was stable, which can meet the technical requirements.