不同颜色地膜覆盖对棉花冠层构型及光合特性的调控效应

为探究不同颜色地膜对棉花产量的调控效应,在大田条件下,设置无地膜覆盖(CK)、覆白色透明地膜(WF)、覆黑色地膜(BF)、覆银色地膜(SF)、覆绿色地膜(GF)、覆红色地膜(RF)共6个处理,分析不同颜色地膜覆盖对棉花冠层光质特性、棉花冠层形态、光合特性、干物质积累分配和产量构成因子的影响。结果表明,覆盖不同颜色地膜能改变冠层红光和远红光强度;与CK相比,覆盖地膜后通过提高棉花分枝数和叶面积指数,降低果枝与主茎倾角改变冠层构型,从而提高了光截获,同时提高了叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、源器官光合产物合成能力,并提高了干物质在叶片和花铃中的分配系数,最终使籽棉产量提高了8.4%～24.5%。红色地膜因较高的红光和远红光反射强度,对净光合速率、干物质积累量提高幅度优于其他颜色地膜处理,产量最高,为3 153.6 kg·hm^-2,黑膜次之,为3 123.7 kg·hm^-2,绿膜增产幅度最低。综合棉花的产量和干物质量来看,棉花覆盖红色地膜和黑色地膜更能促进产量的提高,并提高其生产效益。

Effects of Different Color Plastic Film Mulching on the Canopy Configuration and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cotton

This study aimed to explore the regulation effect and photosynthetic mechanism of different color plastic film mulching on cotton yield. A field trial was set up with 6 treatments: No mulching (CK), white film (WF), black film(BF), silver film (SF), green film (GF) and red film (RF). Light quality characteristics of cotton canopy, cotton canopy morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield components and other parameters were measured. The results showed that covering different color mulch could change the red and far red light intensity of the canopy, compared with the non-cover film, and the light interception could be improved by increasing the number of branches and leaf area index and decreasing the inclination angle of fruit branch and main stem. At the same time, the increase of SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate and photoelectron transfer rate of leaves enhanced the ability of photosynthetic products synthesis of source organs, and increased the partition coefficient of dry matter in leaves and flower and boll. Finally, the yield of seed cotton increased by 8.4% and 24.5%. Because of the high reflected intensity of red and far red light, the red mulching film was superior to the other color mulching film in terms of photosynthetic rate, fluorescence characteristics and dry matter accumulation. The highest yield was 3 153.6 kg·hm^-2, black film, the second was 3 123.7 kg·hm^-2, green film, and the lowest was green film. Commprehensive cotton yield and dry matter quality, cotton covered with redplastic and black plastic film can increase of cotton yield and improve its production efficiency.