基于集水区法的森林生态系统影响径流研究进展

森林生态系统结构复杂, 具有减少地表径流、调节河川流量、减小土壤侵蚀等一系列保护环境的功能。森林植被变化对森林水文过程的影响会改变水量平衡方程的各个变量, 从而影响森林流域的水分分配和河川径流量, 进而对陆地生态系统水分循环起到重要的调节作用。从森林结构、森林类型、森林覆盖率和森林经营4个方面总结了国内外基于集水区法研究森林生态系统影响径流的结论, 即小流域的研究结果认为森林的减少将增加河川径流量, 而大流域的研究结果认为森林的减少将减少河川径流量。最后指出, 在研究单位和研究项目合作研究的基础上, 结合各相关学科的新兴技术和研究设备, 通过整合相关学科的研究成果, 阐明森林生态系统水土保持过程与机理, 是今后森林生态系统水文服务功能研究的发展方向。

Progress in the Effects of Forest Ecosystem on Runoff Based on Forest Catchments

Forest ecosystem has complicated structures,which endow it with some inherent functions,such as decreasing surface runoff and soil erosion and regulating river flow,and it has important hydrology regulation function on terrestrial ecosystem.The effects of forest vegetation variation on hydrological processes of forest watershed influence the variables of water balance equation,which influences water distribution and river flow.In this paper,some conclusions were summarized by studying the recent studies on the effects of forest ecosystem on runoff at forest structures,forest types,forest vegetation coverage and forest managements at home and abroad.The river flow would increase with the decreasing of forest vegetation based on the studies in small forest catchments,but the reversed conclusions were true in large forest catchments.Finally,some suggestions are recommended to the readers.On the basis of the combination of research institutions and projects,integrating streamlined techniques and apparatus of interrelated subjects and their investigation conclusion,illustrating the hydrological functions and mechanisms of forest,which are the developing trend in the future.