基于中心地理论的中国入境旅游流空间形态解析

运用城市地理学中的经典理论-中心地理论,选取市场占有率和市场增长率两项衡量旅游目的等级的指标,研究了中国入境旅游目的地空间形态和演变态势。研究发现,交通条件对入境旅游目的地空间形态的影响显著。通过对北京、上海、广州等60个城市的入境旅游进行分析,发现我国入境旅游目的地呈现"三棱锥体"形态。北京入境旅游目的地形成了以北京为棱锥顶,以天津、青岛和大连为棱锥底的"三棱锥体"形态;上海入境旅游目的地形成了以上海为棱锥顶,以南京、杭州、苏州为棱锥底面的入境旅游目的地格局;广州入境旅游目的地体系目前还处于发育当中,二、三级入境旅游目的地仍在不断变化。文中运用中心地理论探讨入境旅游流空间形态和机制,旨在为入境旅游研究提供一种新的思路,力求能从宏观上把握中国入境旅游流特征,进而为入境旅游的均衡发展和各省市旅游政策的制定等宏观决策提供理论层面的参考。

Analysis on spatial morphology of inbound tourism destination in China

Based on central place theory which has been frequently used in urban geography since the 1950s,this research used the number of foreign tourists as the criterion of tourism size,and selected two indices including market occupancy rate and growth rate,to explain the spatial structure modality of destination market in Chinese inbound tourism.The results indicated traffic condition has great effect on spatial distribution of inbound tourism destination.However,it is not completely the same as the morphology of center place theory on the "K=4" condition under the principle of the traffic which was put forward by W.christaller,the morphology of inbound tourism destination is more inclined to the urban structure under the principle of the market.Analysis of the inbound tourism destination morphology separately in the north,east and south China regions found that China's inbound tourism destination takes on "Tri-Cone" patterns.In north china,Beijing as the pyramid top,and Tianjin,Qingdao and Dalian are at the end of the pyramid;in east china,Shanghai is as the pyramid top,Nanjing,Hangzhou,Suzhou are at the end of the pyramid;While in South China,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Zhuhai,Zhongshan are as a group,which form the pyramid roof,Xiamen,Guilin and Sanya are at the bottom for the "Tri-Cone".Besides,the factors which impact the tourism spatial morphology,such as economic condition,city function,tourism resource and boundary port were also discussed,aiming at offering a new method for research of the tourism destination and assisting the formulation of tourism policies at national and regional levels.