阴山北麓旱作区主要作物热能值及结构调整研究

阴山北麓农牧交错地带,气候干旱冷凉,种植结构单一,生产能力低而不稳。农业生产不仅要考虑作物综合生产能力,同时要考虑其水分消耗数量。作物的热能产值反映了其综合生产能力。文中采用能值研究方法,通过田间试验、实验室分析测试对该地区三年主要作物的热能产值、耗水量及其生物产量和经济效益进行了系统研究,结果表明,当地主要作物的热能值大小依次为:向日葵>玉米>马铃薯>草玉米>草谷子>草莜麦>油菜>莜麦>小麦>胡麻>箭筈碗豆>山黧豆。考虑到热能值、生物产量、经济效益和水分生产能力,该地区种植结构调整首先应考虑马铃薯的种植,其次是向日葵,然后是饲草和杂粮。优化作物布局,可以获得作物综合生产能力和环境资源保护的双赢,能够促进资源合理利用与农牧业的可持续发展。

Crops caloric value and adjustment of planting structure in rainfed farmland of north Yinshan Mountian area,Inner Mongolia

Rainfed farmland of Northern Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia is a typical agro-pasture ecotone,climate is dry and cold,planting structure is simple,production capacity is low and instability.Agricultural production should not only consider the crop production capacity,at the same time,should consider the water use efficiency(WUE).The caloric value of crops reflects the comprehensive production capacity of crops.In this study the caloric value theory research method was used to probe the WUE and economic benefit of main crops by 3 years of field experiment.The caloric value of main crop is as follows: sunflower > corn > potato > forage maize > forage millet > forage oats > rapeseed > naked oats > wheat > flax >vicia > lathyrus.Considering the caloric value,biological yield,economic benefit and WUE,the potato should by firstly considered followed by sunflower,then forage crop.Optimize crop arrangement can obtains integrated crop production capacity and the protection of environment and resources win-win,and can promote resources reasonable use and the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry.