准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤甲螨群落结构

为了查明准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤甲螨群落特征,2011年4月、7月、9月、11月中旬对该交错带的自然林、灌木林、防护林、荒草原、耕地、菜瓜地和荒漠等7种不同生境进行调查。结果表明:该区域共捕获土壤甲螨成体3767头,28科36属43种,其中覆盖头甲螨、萨勒盖头甲螨、新疆尖棱甲螨和普通尖棱甲螨为优势种,截合若甲螨、长单翼甲螨属、白上罗甲螨大洋亚种为亚优势种,优势种和亚优势种占总数的72.45%。7种不同生境土壤甲螨群落组成和数量分布均有明显的差异(P<0.05),在自然林种类(30种)和个体数(1001头)最多,而在菜瓜地种类(9种)最少,荒漠个体数(118头)最少。不同生境土壤甲螨的个体数具有明显季节变化差异(P<0.05),秋季数量最高、冬季次之、夏季其次、春季最低。MGP分析结果表明,该交错区土壤甲螨群落均属于O型,但G群的种类明显高于M群和P群。甲螨的群落异质性高,各生境间的多样性指数(H)有一定的差异,其中防护林最高,而菜瓜地最低。生境间相似性分析表明,自然林、灌木林、防护林生境之间是中等相似(0.50～0.70),荒漠和荒草原与其他生境间为中等不相似(0.25～0.50)或极不相似(0.00～0.25)。研究表明气候、植被和土壤差异是影响土壤甲螨群落的主要因素。

The structure of soil oribatida communities in the oasis-desert ecotone in southeastern edge of Junggar Basin,Xinjiang

In order to understanding the characteristics of soil oribatid mite communities under different habitats in oasis-desert ecotone on southeastern edge of Junggar basin,Xinjiang,an investigation was made on the soil oribatid mite communities under natural forest,shelter forest,desert grassland,farmland,shrubbery,vegetable land,and desertin April,July,September and November of 2011.The results are as follows :3767 adult individuals of oribtid mites belonging to 43 species,36 genera and 28 families were collected totally,Tectocepheus velatus,Tectocepheus sarekensis,Ceratozetes xinjiangensi and Ceratozetes mediocris are the 4 dominant species,Zygoribatula truncate,Protoribates and Epilohmannia pallida pacifica are the 3 subdominant species.There are significant differences of the species and individual numbers of oribtida among the different habitats(P<0.05);there are 1001 individuals belonging to 30 species in the natural forest,whereas 118 individuals belonging to 9 species in the desert.There are also significant differences of the oribatid mites among the season(P<0.05),the sequences of individuals are autumn > winter > summer > spring.MGP analysis results shows that the M group is much less than that of P group and G group in the community structure of soil oribatida in this region.The oribatid mites community in this region has a high heterogeneity;there are some differences in their diversity indices of the oribatid mites community.Analysis of Jaccard similarity index shows that the level of the similarities of the soil oribatid mites in the three kinds of woodland habitats are moderately similar(0.50~0.70);Similarity in desert and desert grassland with others are moderately dissimilar(0.25~0.50)and much dissimilar(0.00~0.25).Present study shows that the climate,vegetation and soil differences have significant impact on the structure of oribatid mite communities in that area.