长江流域中稻产量、肥料增产效应及利用率特征

目的]探究优化施肥条件下长江流域中稻施用氮、磷和钾肥的产量反应、增产效应和利用率特征,为该区域的肥料调控、解决施肥不合理等问题,及促进水稻的肥料高效利用和清洁生产提供科学依据.方法]数据来源于国际植物营养研究所于2000—2017年在我国长江流域开展的水稻田间试验及在中国知网数据库通过字段或字段组合(水稻、水稻+产...

Characteristics of middle-season rice yield,fertilizer increase yield effect and use efficiency in the Yangtze Valley

  【Objective】  This study was designed to examine irrational fertilization in rice production regions in the Yangtze Valley. Rice yield response to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer application and fertilizer use efficiency under optimized fertilization conditions were summarized. Our study provides a scientific basis for regulating fertilizer allocation, optimizing the application, and promoting effective production.  【Methods】  The data in this article were derived from the field experiments conducted by the International Plant Nutrition Institute in the Yangtze Valley from 2000 to 2017 and published papers on rice field trials. The latter was obtained by searching field or combination of fields (rice, rice + yield and rice+ fertilizer utilization rate) in the CNKI database, giving 2165 field trials. The experimental treatments include optimal fertilization, farmers' practices, and N, P or K omission treatments. These treatments were intended to explore the characteristics of potential rice yield, relative yield, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity in the Yangtze Valley provinces (cities) (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai).  【Results】  The average yield of middle-season rice in the Yangtze Valley under optimal fertilization treatment was 9.3 t/hm2. Anhui Province had the highest average yield (10.1 t/hm2), and Hubei Province recorded the lowest average yield of 8.7 t/hm2. The average yield response and relative yield of N, P and K fertilizer application were 2.1, 0.8 and 0.9 t/hm2, and 0.76, 0.91, and 0.90, respectively. Under the optimal fertilization treatment, the average agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of N, P and K fertilizers were 11.3, 11.3, and 9.2 kg/kg, and 49.8, 126.7, and 92.9 kg/kg, respectively. Compared to farmers' fertilization practices, optimal fertilization increased the average yield by 0.7 t/hm2, accounting for 8.3% of farmers practices. The agronomic efficiency of N, P and K fertilizers increased by 4.5, 5.0, and 3.4 kg/kg, respectively, and the partial factor productivity of N fertilizer application increased by 10.0 g/kg.  【Conclusions】  Optimal fertilization effectively increased the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of middle-season rice in the Yangtze Valley. The contribution of N, P and K fertilizers to rice yield in the Yangtze Valley reached 24%, 9%, and 10%, respectively. However, there are differences among provinces (cities) and significant variation within the province. The rice yield is closely related to the balanced application of fertilizers. However, there was excessive N fertilizer application and insufficient K fertilizer application in the rice production of the Yangtze Valley. Optimizing nutrient management strategies is of great significance to improve rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency in this region.