酒糟生物炭与化肥配施对土壤理化特性及作物产量的影响

【目的】以酿酒废弃物(酒糟)为原料热解制备可燃气体和生物炭，研究生物炭对土壤及作物产量的影响，为酒糟的无害化处理与资源化利用，以及合理施用生物炭提供理论依据。【方法】利用电子显微镜观察比较400°C、480°C和600°C裂解得到的生物炭表面结构，分析其理化性质。在四川泸州设置油菜–高粱轮作田间试验，研究不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)和化肥与生物炭配施(CF+BC)处理的作物产量和土壤理化性质及生物学性状。【结果】在480°C热裂解条件下，酒糟生物炭的表面孔隙结构最佳，pH 10.1，阳离子交换较大(33.41cmol/kg)，保蓄了较多的碳、氮、磷、钾，理化性质最优。在CF+BC处理中，田间土壤碳含量增加，土壤微生物生物量碳氮提高，蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性及有效氮、磷、钾含量显著高于或相似于CF，说明部分生物炭能被微生物利用，促进其生长繁殖，增强土壤酶活，提高土壤养分的生物有效性。与单施化肥相比，化肥配施生物炭使油菜和高粱产量分别增加9.3%和9.5%，油菜磷和钾的经济效率分别提高15.1%和30.7%。【结论】采用480℃低温热裂解制备的酒糟生物炭理化性质优良，与化肥配施有利于提高油菜...

Effects of brewery-waste derived biochar on soil physicochemical properties and crop yield

  【Objectives】  Combustible gases and biochar were prepared by the pyrolysis of brewing solid waste. An investigation on the influence of the biochar on soil and crop yield was then carried out to provide a theoretical basis for the judicious use of biochar in crop cultivation as a strategy for waste-to-wealth.  【Methods】  The surface structure of biochar produced by pyrolysis at different temperatures (400°C, 480°C, and 600°C, respectively) was examined by an electron microscope. Selected physical and chemical properties of biochar produced at 480°C (BC) were analyzed. Thereafter, the influence of BC on crop yield and selected soil properties was studied in a sorghum-canola rotation field in Luzhou, Sichuan. The field treatments included no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilization (CF), and chemical fertilizers plus BC (CF+BC).  【Results】  BC had a better surface pore structure and larger cation exchange capacity (33.41 cmol/kg) with a pH of 10.1, and contained higher C, N, P, and K. Compared with CF, CF+BC treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, sucrase and phosphatase activities, and available nutrients including available N, P, and K. These results suggested the utilization of some BC by microbes, promotion of microbial growth, and increment of enzymes and nutrient biological availabilities in the soil. The application of chemical fertilizers in combination with BC increased canola yield by 9.3%, sorghum yield by 9.5%; phosphorus and potassium economic efficiencies by 15.1% and 30.7%, respectively.   【Conclusions】  The biochar prepared by pyrolysis temperature at 480℃ has excellent physical and chemical properties. The application of biochar with chemical fertilziers is beneficial to enhance canola and sorghum yields, improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, with promising potentials for sustainable crop production.