纳米银的绿色合成、杀虫活性和作用机制研究进展

纳米银 (AgNPs) 因具有独特性质已广泛应用于多个领域。由于化学合成纳米银的流程繁琐、高能耗及使用的溶剂毒性强、污染严重等，纳米银的绿色合成研究备受关注。纳米银的绿色合成是指以真菌、细菌培养上清液及植物提取液作为还原剂或稳定剂，将硝酸银中Ag+还原为纳米级别的单质银，具有稳定性高、低毒、绿色环保等优点。一些研究者在绿色合成纳米材料的基础上，研究了通过生物源合成的纳米银用于害虫防治的效果，以探索纳米材料替代传统化学杀虫剂的可能性。本文综述了近年来国内外研究者利用不同生物材料合成纳米银的情况，报告了生物源合成的纳米银对媒介害虫和农业害虫的毒杀效果与作用机制研究进展，简单介绍了生物源合成的纳米银对生物体和环境的暴露风险，并对其研究的机遇和挑战进行展望。

Advances on green synthesis,the insecticidal activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in different fields due to unique properties. Because the chemical synthetic process of AgNPs has some disadvantages such as complicated process, high energy consumption, high toxicity of solvents and severe pollution, the research on green synthesis of AgNPs has attracted much attention. In addition, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles refers to the reduction of Ag+ in silver nitrate to nanoscale silver using fungi, bacterial culture supernatant and plant extract as reductants or stabilizers, which has the advantages of high stability, low toxicity and greenness. Therefore, some researchers have investigated the effect of biological AgNPs on pest control base on green synthetic nanomaterials to further explore the possibility of replacing traditional chemical pesticides with nanomaterials. This review summarized the progress of biosynthesized AgNPs using different biomaterials in recent years , reported the toxicity of biogenic AgNPs to arthropod vectors and agricultural pests and the known action mechanism , and discussed the exposure risk of biogenic AgNPs to organisms and environment on ecotoxicology. Moreover, the potential opportunity and challenges of biogenic AgNPs production have been prospected.