负载咪鲜胺介孔二氧化硅粒子的制备及性能与安全性评价

介孔二氧化硅粒子 (MSNs) 可作为载体用于制备高载药量的农药缓控释剂，从而实现农药减量化使用和生态环境保护的目的。本研究采用“一锅法”制备了负载咪鲜胺的介孔二氧化硅载药粒子 (prochloraz@MSNs)，并对其外观形貌、载药量、释放行为、抑菌作用以及对非靶标生物的安全性进行了系统研究。结果表明:所制备的prochloraz@MSNs呈规则球形，粒径均匀，平均粒径约240 nm，载药量为40.6%，释放速率与pH值和温度相关，酸性、碱性及高温条件均有利于其中咪鲜胺的释放。与常规制剂咪鲜胺乳油相比，prochloraz@MSNs对稻瘟病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑制效果更好，持效期更长；对斑马鱼、蚯蚓和人体肺部BEAS-2B细胞的毒性较低。因此，prochloraz@MSNs作为一种高效、低毒、安全的农药新剂型，在植物病害的可持续治理中将具有很好的发展潜力。

Preparation,properties and safety evaluation of mesoporous silica particles loaded with prochloraz

Mesoporous silica particles (MSNs) can be used as carriers to prepare pesticides controlled release formulations with high drug loading, thus reducing pesticide use and protecting the ecological environment. In this study, mesoporous silica particles loaded with prochloraz (prochloraz@MSNs) were prepared using the one-pot method. Their morphology, drug loading rate, release behavior, antibacterial activity and safety to non-target organisms were systematically studied. The results show that the prepared prochloraz@MSNs had a regular spherical shape and uniform particle size, with an average particle size of about 240 nm and a drug loading rate of 40.6%. The release rate was related to pH and temperature, and acid, alkaline and high-temperature conditions facilitated pesticide release. Compared with emulsifiable concentrate (EC), prochloraz@MSNs had better control effects on Magnaporthe oryzae and Fusahum graminearum, with prolonged effective duration. Prochloraz@MSNs also had low toxicity to zebrafish, earthworm and human BEAS-2B cells. Therefore, prochloraz@MSNs has great potential as an efficient, low toxic and safe pesticide formulation for sustainable management of plant diseases.