我国热带作物新品种权保护现状及建议

加强热带作物新品种知识产权保护、推动种业自主创新,对于维护国家战略安全和满足人民美好生活的需求具有重要意义。在过去的20 a里,我国热带作物共有20个属（种）纳入新品种权保护目录,新品种保护工作取得了长足的发展。本文运用农业农村部科技发展中心的公开数据,从热带作物的属（种）、类型、申请授权时间和育种主体等不同角度,统计分析了当前我国的热带作物品种权保护现状,归纳剖析了新品种权保护工作存在的保护意识不强、保护难度大、育种主体单一、创新能力不足、品种权授予不及时等问题,最后,针对性地提出了提高品种权保护意识、强化侵权打击和技术保护、加大政策支持和经费投入、加强热带作物种质资源收集与利用、加快热带作物新品种测试能力建设等建议。

Current Situation and Suggestions on Protection of New Tropical Crop Variety Rights in China

Strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of new tropical crop varieties and promoting independent innovation of seed industry are of great significance for maintaining national strategic security and meeting the needs of people’ s better life. In the past 20 years, 20 genera (species) of tropical crops in China have been included in the catalogue of new variety rights protection, and the protection of new varieties of tropical crops has made great progress. Based on the public data of the Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, this paper analyzes the current situations of the protection of tropical crop variety rights in China from different perspectives, such as the gennus or species, types, application or authorization years and breeding subjects of tropical crops, and summarizes and analyzes the problems existing in the protection of tropical crop variety rights in China, which includes weak awareness of protection, difficulty for protection, little number of breeding entities, insufficient innovation ability, and delay in the granting of variety rights. Finally, suggestions were put forward to improve the awareness of variety rights protection, strengthen the infringement attack and technical protection, enhance policy support and funding, reinforce the collection and utilization of tropical crop germplasm resources, and accelerate the construction of new varieties of tropical crops test capacity.