薏苡种质资源性状评价及遗传多样性研究

为从湖南省常用的薏苡（Coix lacryma-jobi）种质资源筛选出不同用途的良种,本研究以51份薏苡种质资源为材料,测定表型性状、农艺性状和营养品质等性状的16个指标,并分析其遗传特性。结果显示：农艺性状和营养品质的变异系数为5.36%~26.41%,表型性状遗传多样性指数为0.52~1.87。5个主成分的累计贡献率为67.13%。供试种质可划分为4类：第1类类群包含7份种质,籽粒及鲜秸秆产量均高,属于籽饲兼用型;第2类类群包含12份种质,株高及鲜秸秆产量高,茎杆粗,籽粒产量中等,属于饲用型;第3类类群包含5份种质,综合性状排名靠前,粒小,产量低,属于生态用型;第4类类群包含27份种质,农艺性状及营养品质均一般,作筛选特异性状亲本型。16个指标综合隶属函数系数值>0.5的有7个种质,其中,籽饲兼用型为HNYY-34,饲用型为HNYY-39、HNYY-40,籽实利用型为HNYY-22、HNYY-38,其他综合利用型为CQYY-01、HNYY-43。本研究为湖南薏苡优异性状的筛选和高效利用及后续薏苡在食用、药用、饲用及生态用方面的新品种选育提供材料。

Genetic Diversity and Traits Evaluation of Coix lacryma-jobi Germplasm Resources

In order to clarify the genetic diversity of Coix lacryma-jobi germplasm resources commonly used in Hunan province, 51 Coix lacryma-jobi germplasm resources were used as the materials to analyze the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits, agronomic traits and nutritional quality. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of agronomic traits and nutritional quality ranged from 5.36% to 26.41%. The genetic diversity index of phenotypic traits ranged from 0.52 to 1.87. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components was 67.13%. 51 Coix lacryma-jobi germplasms were divided into 4 categories by systematic cluster analysis. The first group includes 7 germplasms, which are mainly characterized by high grain yield and high fresh straw yield. The second group includes 12 germplasms, which are mainly characterized by general grain yield, high plant height, high yield of fresh straw and thick stem. There are 27 germplasms in the third group, and the agronomic characters and nutritional quality are general. The fourth group includes five germplasms, which are mainly characterized by low grain yield and small grains. According to the comprehensive evaluation model of membership function analysis, it is found that there are7 Coix lacryma-jobi comprehensive value>0.5: HNYY-34 can be used for seed combine with feeding, HNYY-39 and Hnyy-40 are suitable for feeding, HNYY-22 and HNYY-38 are used for seed utilization, CQYY-01 and HNYY-43 are used for comprehensive utilization. This study provides materials for the screening and efficient utilization of excellent characters of Coix lacryma-jobi in Hunan and the subsequent breeding of new varieties of Coix lacryma-jobi in food, medicine and forage.