发达国家木材采运工业现状和发展趋势

发达国家木材采运生产在进入全面机械化阶段以来的２０多年里，不仅主伐的主要生产作业和准备、辅助作业，而且疏伐作业率成倍增长。技术进步的主要特点是：机械系统更新换代速度加快，推广少剩余物、无剩余物生产工艺；节约能源消耗；重视发展森林作业保护技术。９０年代是木材采运向高技术迈进的１０年，电子计算机，作业机器人、接收卫星信号的环球地理定位系统、遥控以及专家系统等技术将得到推广应用。

Status and Tendency of Development of Logging Industry in Developed Countries

The countries noted for developed logging industry are USA,Canada,Sweden,Finland,Former USSR,Norway and Austria.In the past 20 years their logging had been completely mechanized.During this period the proportion of overall mechanization of the principal operation and preparation in harvesting,auxiliary operations and thinning increased rapidly,with composite labor productivity doubled and redoubled.The main features of technologic progress were rapid replacement of out-of-date mechanical system,extension of the technologic process with little residue or no residue,less consumption of energy resource,and the development of protective measures for silvicultural operations.In the 1990s,the main targets of technologic progress of logging in the developed countries are:(1) accelerating the overall mechanization in forest production,steadily increasing the labor productivity,and decreasing the cost of production;(2) furthering the application oftechnologic process with little residue,so as to fully utilize the wood resources;(3) protecting the ecologic environment of forests;(4) protection of labor force.The hi-tech expectedto be extended in the field of logging industry in 1990s are:(1) computer-aided research,design,manufacture and test,the computer controlled and managed production process;(2) robot for forest operation;(3) GPS receiving signals from a satellite.Other technologies are about sensing device,remote control and expert system.