我国马铃薯晚疫病研究的进展和建议

本文首先从病原菌生理小种、交配型、药剂防治效果及抗病筛选和育种等方面介绍了我国马铃薯晚疫病的研究进展．我国发现的病原菌类型以４号为主，占鉴定总菌株数的一半以上，伴随着品种含Ｒ基因的增多使晚疫病菌逐渐产生毒力基因是导致品种抗病性丧失的原因．１９９６年交配型Ａ２的发现表明我国的马铃薯生产又受到了新的侵染和毒力强的菌株的威胁．瑞毒霉系列药剂应用的防治效果因菌株逐渐积累抗药性愈来愈让位于抗性育种的防治．在过去的十年里，我国从国际马铃薯中心（ＣＩＰ）引进的资源中选出了数个抗晚疫病和高产的品系，并且应用于生产，效益十分显著．近两年从ＣＩＰ引进的具有水平抗性的群体Ｂ更是抗晚疾病育种的优秀材料，可望这些材料的优良性状能尽快应用于生产．文章的最后，就我国马铃薯晚疫病今后的研究方面，作者认为加强国际合作，统一协调的研究规划和合理的良种繁育体系是抗性育种成功的关键。其它方面诸如预测预报系统的建立、病菌变异性的研究和卵孢子生物学及流行学的研究则是有效控制晚疫病爆发的必要基础。

PROGRESS AND SUGGESTIONS ON LATE BLIGHT RESEARCH IN CHINA

This paper first introduces the progress of late blight research in China in the aspects ofPhytophthora infestans physiological races, mating types, effect of chemical control as well asbreeding for late blight resistance. Type 4 is the main P. infestals race in China, making upmore than half of the strains tested. Gradual build-up of toxic genes in P. infestans accompanied by increase in the number of R-genes in the varietics is the main reason for the loss inlate blight resistance in the varieties. The discovery of mating type A2 in China in 1996 implies that potato production in China is now faced with a more infectious and virulent newstrain. The control effect of Ridomil series chemicals, due to the accumulahon of resistance tochemical application in the strains, has gradually given way to control through breeding forresistance. A number of late blight-resistant and high-yielding clones have been selected inthe last 10 years among germplasm introduced from the International Potato Center (CIP),some of which have been used in production with remarkable impact. The population B materials introduced from CIP with horizontal resistance in the recent two years are even moreinvaluable for breeding on late blight resistance. It is expected that the outstanding charactersof the materials can be quickly applied in production. In the aspect of future research on laterblight, the authors propose that strengthening in international cooperation, integration andcoordination of research program as well as establishment of rational sced multiplicahon system are key to success in late blight resistance breeding. Other mcasurcmcnts such asbuild-up of measuring and forecasting system, research on mutation of strains as well as thestudy on biology and cpidemiology of oosporcs arc ncccssary basic work for cthetiye controlof latc blight out-break.