西南喀斯特山区土壤水分研究

西南喀斯特地区是一种受地质背景制约的脆弱生态环境,具有地表水缺乏、土层浅薄且不连续、植被覆盖率低等基本特征。由于喀斯特山区水文地质结构的复杂性和小生境类型的多样性,该地区土壤水分运移相当复杂,具有许多和其它类型区不同的规律和特点。在介绍西南喀斯特山区土壤水分生态环境特征和土壤水分研究现状的基础上,概述了西南喀斯特山区土壤水分测定方法、有效性、入渗规律、空间变异性等几个方面的研究进展。今后土壤水分研究应以岩石-土壤-植被系统为对象,注重多学科交叉以及新方法与新技术的应用,加强喀斯特生态系统各因子的相互作用关系及其对生态过程影响的研究,重视植被对异质性生境的响应及其适应性调控机理的研究,以实现喀斯特山区水土资源的协调利用和植被的恢复重建。

Soil Water Research in Karst Mountain Areas of Southwest China

The karst regions of southwest China are fragile geology-controlled eco-environment,and have the basic characteristics of the shortage of surface water and soil resources and low vegetation coverage. Soil water movement is very complicated due to the complexity of hydrological geological structure and the diversity of small habitats in karst mountainous regions,which has many different characteristics compared with other regions. Based on the introduction of the eco-environmental characteristics of soil water and its research status,some advances on measurement methods, availability,infiltration,and spatial variability of soil water were briefly summarized in karst regions of southwest China. In order to utilize soil and water resources harmoniously and restore vegetation successfully in this region,rock, soil,and vegetation should be considered as a united system,and the intersection of various subjects and the application of new technology and methods should be paid attention to. The further study on soil water should be focused on investigating the mutual relationships of environmental factors and their effects on ecological processes,and understanding the response of vegetation to heterogeneous environment and their adaptable control.