黑木耳多糖提取及其药理活性的研究进展

黑木耳多糖具有降血脂、抗凝血、抗氧化、抗辐射、抑制肿瘤等生物活性,现已成为食品、医疗、保健等领域的研究热点.文章综述了近年来黑木耳多糖提取方法及其生物活性的研究进展,发现黑木耳多糖的提取方法较多,但现在工业化提取黑木耳多糖时多采用热水浸提,耗时长、产量低、成本高,无法满足市场需求;黑木耳多糖的药理作用如作用机理、给药最佳剂量和途径、作为免疫调节剂的临床应用、不同分离技术对药效作用的影响等亟待进一步研究解决.因此,今后应加强黑木耳多糖高产菌株的筛选和选育、优化多糖提取方法、改造天然多糖而增强原有活性、优化深层发酵生产黑木耳多糖工艺以及多糖药理机制、临床应用有效性和安全性等方面的研究,推动黑木耳多糖产业的持续发展.

Advances on polysaccharide extraction from Auricularia auricular and its pharmacological activity

With pharmacological activities in blood lipid reduction， anticoagulation， anti-oxidation， anti-radiation and tumor inhibition， Auricularia auricular polysaccharide has become a popular R&D subject in the fields of food， medical and health care. After reviewing recent research progress in polysaccharide extraction and its biological activity， it has been observed that in spite of numerous extraction methods， the current industrialized extracted polysaccharide could not meet market demands due to its hot water extraction， long duration， low yield and high cost. Moreover， issues concerning pharmacological function require follow-up research， such as mechanism of action， best dosage and its path， clinical application as immunity regulator and influence of different extraction methods on pharmacological function. Therefore， for sustainable development of Auricularia auricular polysaccharide industry in future， more efforts should be made in screening and breeding high-yield strains， optimizing extraction technology， enhancing original activity by transforming natural polysaccharide， improving submerged fermentation technique， studying polysaccharide pharmacological activity， clinical application efficacy and safety.