蓟马的分子鉴定和种群遗传学研究进展

蓟马是一类个体微小的昆虫，形态学特征观察困难，种内遗传多样性高，且部分害虫类蓟马寄主广泛，繁殖能力强，为害严重，已成为重要的农林类害虫。采用分子生物学手段对蓟马进行物种鉴定，可以解决传统形态学鉴定困难、局限性较大等问题，能提高物种鉴定的效率与准确性。目前，关于蓟马分子生物学鉴定的研究较多，其中，基于线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基（ I cytochrome oxidase I，COI）基因片段的DNA条形码技术被广泛用于蓟马的快速准确鉴定、属内近缘种的区分及不同品系或生物型的鉴别。此外，开展蓟马类害虫种群遗传学的研究不仅有利于全面了解其遗传分化、适应性、入侵来源和扩散路径，还可为制订合理有效的监测预报和综合防治策略提供理论依据。目前，多种蓟马的种群遗传学研究表明地理隔离、寄主植物和微生物等因素影响其种内和种间的遗传多样性和遗传分化。本文综述了国内外有关蓟马的DNA条形码鉴定与种群遗传学研究进展，对目前蓟马物种鉴定中存在的问题进行讨论，并对未来的发展趋势进行展望。

Recent advances in the researches on molecular identification and population genetics of thrips

Thrips are small insects of great agricultural importance and their morphological characteristics are difficult to observe due to tiny body size. Normally, the intraspecific genetic diversity is very high. Some thrips species have become important agricultural and forestry pests due to their wide host range, strong reproductive capacity and serious damage. Using molecular methods to identify thrips can solve the difficulties in traditional morphological identification and break the limitations, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of species identification. At present, there are many studies on the molecular identification of thrips. Among them, DNA barcoding technology based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene fragments can be widely used for rapid and accurate identification of thrips, distinguishing species within genus and identifying different strains or biological types of the same thrips species. Moreover, the studies on the population genetics of thrips pests are not only beneficial to the comprehensive understanding of their genetic differentiation, adaptability, invasion source and diffusion path, but also can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of reasonable and effective monitoring and forecasting as well as an integrated control strategy. Genetic studies of many thrips species have shown that geographic isolation, host plants and microorganisms affect genetic diversity and population diversification within and between species. This review summarized the research progresses in DNA barcoding and population genetics of thrips, and also discussed the existing problems and predicted the trends of future researches.