1980—2020年内蒙古自治区通辽市土地利用变化及其驱动力

[目的] 分析内蒙古通辽市土地利用变化及其驱动力，为该地区经济建设、土地可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法] 基于通辽市1980—2020年8期土地利用数据及统计年鉴数据，采用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度、土地利用转移矩阵和主成分分析方法对通辽市土地利用变化特征及其驱动力进行研究分析。[结果] 通辽市1980—2020年土地利用以耕地和草地为主，耕地总面积增加了3 037 km²，整体增幅为20.48%，草地总面积减少了2 922 km²，整体减幅为10.40%。建设用地面积在40 a间持续增加，其单一土地利用动态度最大。土地利用程度综合指数处在中低等水平，由于研究期间综合指数变化率为正值，整体上处于上升发展期。研究期间内草地主要转化为耕地、林地、建设用地及未利用土地。通辽市土地利用变化的社会经济驱动力以经济发展水平、农业发展水平、社会富裕程度和产业结构为主，人口的影响次之。气候驱动因素方面主要是年平均气温和年降水量的影响较为显著。[结论] 1980—2020年通辽市土地利用空间上存在明显异质性，土地利用变化速度趋于稳定，土地利用水平不断提高，土地利用转换愈加频繁，社会经济和气候因素对土地利用变化有正向显著作用，整体上不断促进该地区经济建设和土地可持续发展。

Land Use Change and Its Driving Forces at Tongliao City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1980 to 2020

[Objective] The land use change and its driving forces at Tongliao City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for economic construction and sustainable development of land at Tongliao City. [Methods] Based on eight periods of land use data and statistical yearbook data for Tongliao City from 1980 to 2020, land use dynamic attitude, land use degree, land use transfer matrix, and principal component analysis were used to determine the characteristics and driving forces of land use change at Tongliao City. [Results] Land use at Tongliao City was mainly classified as cultivated land and grassland from 1980 to 2020. The total area of cultivated land increased by 3037 km², with an overall increase of 20.48%, while the total area of grassland decreased by 2922 km², with an overall decrease of 10.40%. The area of construction land increased continuously during the past 40 years, and its single land use dynamic attitude was the largest. The comprehensive index of land use degree was at a medium and low level. The change rate of the comprehensive index was positive during the study period, indicating a period of generally increasing development. Grassland was mainly converted to cultivated land, forest land, construction land, and unused land during the study period. The socio-economic drivers of land use change at Tongliao City were dominated by the level of economic development, agricultural development, social affluence, and industrial structure, followed by population. Average annual temperature and annual precipitation were the main climatic factors influencing land use change. [Conclusion] There was obvious heterogeneity in the area devoted to different classifications of land use at Tongliao City from 1980 to 2020. The speed of land use change tended to be stable. The level of land use continued to increase, land use conversion became more frequent, and socio-economic and climatic factors had a significant positive effect on land use change, thereby continuously promoting economic construction and sustainable development of land in the region as a whole.