奶牛维生素E缺乏症的血液病理学及其预警

近年来高产奶牛围产期维生素E(VE)缺乏较为普遍,但这一问题在牛场最易被忽视。为此,本试验在某一大型集约化牛场,选取VE缺乏组奶牛40头,健康组奶牛40头,对试验奶牛的抗氧化、肝功、能量代谢、矿物元素和其他维生素指标进行显著性分析、Pearson相关性分析和回归分析及ROC分析。结果显示:与健康组相比,VE缺乏组血浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、白蛋白(ALB)水平极显著降低,与VE水平呈正相关;而血浆中丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、肌酐(CREA)水平极显著升高,与VE呈负相关;血浆中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)水平显著升高,与VE呈负相关。并且,确立了血浆中HDL、T-AOC、ALB、LDL、AST、NEFA和MDA可作为VE缺乏症的预警指标,其预警值分别为HDL<1.495 mmol/L,T-AOC<0.305 mmol/L,LDL>4.09 mmol/L,ALB<51.7 g/L,MDA>11.19 mmol/L,AST>37.2 U/L和NEFA>713μmol/L。结论:VE缺乏与氧化应激、肝功、能量代谢有密切关系,7项生化指标可用于奶牛围产期VE缺乏症的预警,为今后更有效地监控和预防奠定理论基础。

Hematology and early warning of vitamin E deficiency in dairy cows

In recent years,the lack of vitamin E(VE)in high-yielding dairy cows during the perinatal period is more common,but this problem is easily overlooked in cattle farms.Therefore,in this experiment,40 VE-deficient dairy cows and 40 healthy dairy cows were selected from a large-scale intensive dairy farm for significance analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis,and ROC analysis of antioxidation,liver function,energy metabolism,mineral elements and other vitamin indicators.The results showed that,compared with the healthy group,plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),albumin(ALB)were extremely significantly reduced in the VE-deficient group,and were positively correlated with VE levels,while plasma levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),low density lipoprotein(LDL),free fatty acid(NEFA),creatinine(CREA)were extremely significantly increased,and were negatively correlated with VE levels,plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)increased significantly,and were negatively correlated with VE levels.In addition,it was established that HDL,T-AOC,ALB,LDL,AST,NEFA,and MDA in plasma can be used as early warning indicators of VE deficiency,and their early warning values are HDL<1.495 mmol/L and T-AOC<0.305 mmol/L,LDL>4.09 mmol/L,ALB<51.7 g/L,MDA>11.19 mmol/L,AST>37.2 U/L and NEFA>713μmol/L,respectively.VE deficiency is closely related to oxidative stress,liver function,and energy metabolism.Seven biochemical indicators can be used for early warning of VE deficiency in dairy cows,laying a theoretical foundation for more effective monitoring and prevention of VE deficiency in dairy cows in the future.