水肥一体化对生姜生长及叶片CO2、H2O交换特性的影响

以“莱芜大姜”为试材,研究了等量施肥条件下,沟灌常规施肥(CK)、滴灌常规施肥(T1)、水肥一体化(T2)对生姜生长,叶片H2O、CO2交换参数等的影响.结果表明,不同处理生姜地上部茎叶干物质量无显著差异,但T1、T2处理的地下根茎干物质量分别较CK增加11.15％和16.95％.水肥一体化可显著提高生姜叶片色素含量和净光合速率(Pn),降低蒸腾速率(Tr),提高水分利用效率(WUE).生姜根茎膨大期(9月16日),T1、T2处理叶片叶绿素含量和Pn分别比CK高6.77％、8.99％和10.21％、16.23％；生姜发棵期(8月20日),T1、T2处理叶片的Tr分别比CK低10.19％和9.42％；T1、T2处理的WUE无显著差异,但显著高于CK,8月26日9:00达峰值时,T1、T2的WUE分别比CK高23.83％和28.74％.T1、T2处理的灌溉水生产效率分别比CK高132.06％和146.79％；肥料偏生产力分别高12.54％和17.94％.

Effects of integration of water and fertilizer on the growth and exchange characteristics of CO2 and H2O in ginger leaves

The growth and exchange characteristics of CO₂ and H₂O in ginger leaves of the cultivar, Laiwu large ginger, under the same fertilizer amount were analyzed in this study. There were three treatments, conventional irrigation and fertilization (CK), drip irrigation and fertilization (T1) and integration of water and fertilizer (T2). Compared with CK, the dry biomasses of the rhizomes are increased by 11.15% and 16.95% respectively, and the dry biomass of stems and leaves in T1 and T2 have no significant differences. The integration of water and fertilizer could significantly improve the pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), reduce the transpiration rate (Tr), and increase instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) of the ginger leaves. Compared with CK, the contents of chlorophyll and photosynthetic rates in T1 and T2 are increased by 6.77%, 8.99% and 10.21%, 16.23% respectively on Sep.16 (At the period of rhizome enlargement), the transpiration rates in T1 and  T2 are reduced by 10.19% and 9.42% respectively on Aug.20 (at the period of tillering stage). The instantaneous water use efficiencies have no significant differences in T1 and T2, which are significantly higher than that of CK. At 9:00 on August 26th, the WUEs which reaches the peaks, and increased by 23.83% and 28.74% in T1 and T2. The irrigation water productivity in treatments of T1 and T2 are increased by 132.06% and 146.79%, and the fertilizer partial productivities are increased by 12.54% and 17.94%.