玉米免耕精量播种机排种质量监测系统

为实现玉米免耕精播作业质量实时监控,设计了基于反射式红外光电感应的播种机排种监测系统。以红外发射二极管、光电二极管为信号发射、接收端的监测探头,并通过对监测盲区评估计算,优化了探头结构及安装参数。为提高监测系统对多尘作业环境的适应性,设计了以旋转式透明防尘罩为核心的自清洁除尘装置,可保护探头免受尘土侵蚀。开发了集种粒信号拾取、车速采集、防尘电机控制和报警显示等功能的硬件电路,研究了以落种时差为关键参数的测算方法,实现对播种量、重播、漏播等性能指标的判定。播种监测系统台架试验结果表明,系统对播种总量、漏播量、重播量的监测精度分别为98.5%、95.1%、85.6%;模拟灰尘粘附工况,系统对播种总量监测精度达98.1%,具备良好的抗尘效果。该系统满足免耕精量播种机排种质量实时监测要求,有助于提升机具作业性能。

Monitoring System for Working Performance of No-tillage Corn Precision Seeder

In order to monitor the seeding performance of no-tillage corn precision seeder in real time, a seeder monitoring system was developed based on photoelectricity induction of infrared reflection. For optical signal acquisition, a detector of monitoring system was designed with infrared emission diode and infrared photodiode as signal transmitting terminal and receiving end. Through evaluating and calculating the monitoring blind area, the structural and installation parameters of detector were optimized. To improve the dust-laden environmental adaptability of monitoring system, a self-cleaning device for dedusting using a rotary transparent dust cover was designed to protect the monitoring system from dust erosion. A hardware circuit of monitoring system with functions of seeding signal acquisition, working speed gathering, dedusting motor control and alarm display was developed. And a software algorithm with time difference of neighbor falling seeds as key parameter was studied to judge normal seeding, seed missing and reseeding. To test the precision of monitoring system, a bench experiment was conducted. The experimental results showed that the monitoring system had accuracies of 98.5% in seeding quantity, 95.1% in seed missing, 85.6% in reseeding, and had an accuracy of 98.1% in seeding quantity in the emulated environment of dust adhesion, which indicated that the monitoring system had high precision in monitoring the seeding performance, and achieved good effect for dedusting. This system can meet the requirement of working monitoring for no-tillage precision seeder, and it can help to improve sowing quality.