元谋干热河谷人工林蜘蛛群落多样性比较研究

在元谋干热河谷采用网扫法和陷阱法调查了8个人工林蜘蛛群落多样性。采集蜘蛛标本1 703号,计155种,分属20个科;其中园蛛科、平腹蛛科和跳蛛科种类丰富;猫蛛科、跳蛛科、平腹蛛科、园蛛科个体数量丰富。各人工林蜘蛛群落物种丰富度S值在25~39,Margalef指数值在4.119~8.216,Shannon-Wiener指数值在1.868~3.267,Simpson指数值在0.051~0.271,Pielou指数值在0.580~0.902,Jaccard系数q值在0.130~0.317。研究显示,不同植物组成的林分蜘蛛群落多样性不同,植物组成丰富、灌草层盖度较大的人工林,蜘蛛群落多样性高。各人工林蜘蛛群落间相似性水平较低,体现出蜘蛛群落间的异质性。人工林将为维护农业可持续发展提供较丰富的天敌资源,具有较大的保护和利用价值。

Community Diversity Comparisons of Spiders among Plantation Forests in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley

Spider diversity was investigated by sweep netting and pitfall trapping in 8 plantations in Yuanmou dry-hot valley,Yunnan.1 703 individuals were captured,including 155 species and 20 families.The species richness(S)was between 25~39,the Margalef index was 4.119~8.216,the Shannon-Wiener index was between 1.868~3.267,the Simpson index was between 0.051~0.271,the Pielou index was between 0.580~0.902,and the Jaccard similarity coefficient as between 0.130~0.317 in those plantations.The diversity of spider communities was different in the plantations with different vegetative component.The diversity was high in the plantations with richly vegetative components and thick shrub-herbage cover.The similarity between the spider communities in the plantations was low,indicating the heterogeneity of the communities.Those plantations can produce rich natural enemies to maintain the sustainable development in the agriculture and should be protected.