闽南-台湾浅滩渔场单船拖网作业调查与分析

根据2009—2010年闽南-台湾浅滩渔场单船拖网作业监测调查资料和生产统计数据,阐明单船拖网作业的渔业地位、渔场分布、网具类型,着重分析该作业渔获种类组成及主要捕捞对象的资源动态。结果表明:单船拖网作业产量位居闽南-台湾浅滩渔场各种海洋捕捞作业的首位,大吨位、大功率渔船数量连续多年不断增长;渔具型式以有翼单囊网具为主;部分渔船使用的拖网网囊尺寸远远低于国家标准;带鱼、二长棘鲷幼鱼损害现象较为严重;秋季8—10月蓝圆鲹和鲐鱼群体绝大多数个体可达到最小可捕规格。调查研究结果还表明,2002年以来单船拖网渔业资源结构已发生较大变化,生命周期短、营养级较低的蟹类、枪乌贼类、乌贼类和虾类资源渔获比重显著增长;原优势种类绿布氏筋鱼资源已出现严重衰竭;二长棘鲷资源量逐年减少,渔获群体明显趋向小型化、低龄化。

Investigation and analysis of the otter board trawl fishery in Minnan- Taiwan shallow fishing ground

Based on the monitoring survey data （production records of monitoring vessel and appraisal analysis of samples） and production statistics data of the otter board trawlers in related county/city operating in Minnan- Taiwan shallow fishing ground during 2009--2010, this paper expounded the fishery role, distribution of fishing ground and fishing gears type used in the otter board trawl fishery, meanwhile the species composition and the resource dynamics of main catch targets were mainly analyzed. The results showed that the yield of the otter board trawl fishery was the first in various marine fisheries, the number of large tonnage and high - power fishing boats had been increasing for years, winged solo cod - ends accounted for most in the type of fishing gears, and mesh size of fishing gears became smaller and smaller, which caused serious damage to commercial young fish. The results also showed that the otter board trawl had substantial change in fishery resource structure, the catch was mainly composed of species with short lifecycle, and biomass of low grade of nutrition fish resources such as swimming crab, squid, cuttlefish and shrimp increased obviously, the stock of Paerargyrops edita decreased year by year and tended to smaller and younger; the dominant specie Bleekeria anguilliviridis in Minnan -Taiwan shallow fishing ground during 1996-2005 had rarely been seen nowadays.