氮、磷和钾营养对优质玉米子粒产量和营养品质的影响

施用氮、磷和钾营养对优质玉米子粒产量和营养品质有明显的影响。氮磷钾营养平衡施用(NPK)较不施氮(PK)、不施磷(NK)和不施钾(NP)显著增加优质玉米产量,使高油玉米(农大115)分别增产15.9%、6.9%和12.1%,使高淀粉玉米(白玉109)依次增产20.3%、8.6%和12.7%。施氮能增加高油和高淀粉玉米子粒蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和清蛋白含量;施磷或施钾能增加高油玉米子粒蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和清蛋白含量以及氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量,而对高淀粉玉米子粒蛋白质及其组分含量基本无或较小影响。施氮使高油玉米子粒氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量提高0.83和0.41个百分点,使高淀粉玉米提高1.18和0.36个百分点;施氮、施磷和施钾增加高油和高淀粉玉米淀粉总量和支链淀粉含量,降低直链淀粉含量。施氮能增加高油和高淀粉玉米子粒油分、亚油酸和油酸含量,使高油玉米分别增加0.83、0.41和0.30个百分点,使高淀粉玉米分别增加0.34、0.18和0.13个百分点,而施磷或施钾对两品种子粒油分、亚油酸和油酸含量的影响不明显。

Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application on grain yield and qualities of high-oil and high-starch corn

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on grain yield and qualities of high-oil corn Nongda 115 and high-starch corn Baiyu 109 were studied. The results showed that corn grain yields of combined application of N 195 (kg/hm~2), P_2O_5 60 (kg/hm~2), and K_2O 105 (kg/hm~2) (NPK) were significantly higher compared to PK, NK, and NP treatments, respectively. Yield of applied N, P, and K increased by 15.9%, 6.9%, and 12.1% for high-oil corn, respectively, by 20.3%, 8.6%, and 12.7% for high-starch corn, respectively. Grain total protein content, and prolamine and albumin content increased by N application for high-oil corn and high-starch corn, and also increased by P and by K application for high-oil corn. While the effect of P or K application on high-starch corn grain protein and its components was not observed. Grain total amino acid content and essential amino acid content increased by N application by 0.83 and 0.41 percentage point for high-oil corn, and by 1.18 and 0.36 percentage point for high-starch corn, respectively, and increased by P or by K application for high-oil corn. While the effect of P and K application on high-starch corn grain amino acid and its components was not found. Insignificant increase of grain total starch and amylopection content by N, P, K application for high-oil corn and high- starch corn was observed. While obvious decrease of grain amylose content by N, P, K application was found, respectively. Grain fatty acid content, and sub-oleic acid and oleic acid content increased by N application by 0.83, 0.41 and 0.30 percentage point for high-oil corn, and by 0.34, 0.18, and 0.13 percentage point for high-starch corn, respectively. While the effect of P and K application on high-oil corn and high-starch corn grain fatty acid content and its components was not observed.