南疆近60年来大风灾害特征及其对农业生产的影响

利用南疆各地州1949—2008年间的风灾发生次数、累计发生时间,其造成的死亡人口、受灾农田面积、经济损失和死亡牲畜资料,对南疆风灾、灾度及其对农业生产的影响进行深入分析。分析得出:(1)在南疆总体上,风灾发生次数由20世纪50年代至90年代逐年增长,50年代发生11次,90年代发生115次,但21世纪开始略有减少;巴州、阿克苏和喀什风灾发生次数多,累计发生时间长,是防范风灾和灾后救助的重要区;克州、和田风灾发生次数少,累计发生时间短,是防范风灾和灾后救助的次要区。(2)在南疆风灾中均有重大灾害、一般灾害和轻度灾害,巴州属于重大风灾区;阿克苏、喀什与和田属于一般风灾区;克州属于轻度风灾区;(3)在南疆整体上,4～5月份风灾发生次数较多,累计发生时间较长,而且4～5月份是作物播种和出苗期,大风容易成灾,为此4～5月份是风灾防范和灾后救助的重点季节。(4)大风受灾农田面积随着耕地面积的扩大而增加,而且增长速度比耕地增长速度还快,建议加大投入,改善生态环境,加快退耕还林还草进程,建立减灾系统,加强风灾防治。

The characteristics of gale disaster and its impact on agricultural production in Southern Xinjiang in last 60 years

The characteristics of gale disaster and its impact on agricultural production in Southern Xinjiang in 1949—2008 were analyzed using data such as the frequency of gale disaster,the accumulative duration of gale disaster,the death toll,the total area of disaster affected farmland,the economic loss and the total amount of death beast which were caused by the gale disaster.The results of the study showed that:(1) The frequency of gale disaster increased from 1950—1990 in Southern Xinjiang,The gale disaster happened 11 times in 1950s and 115 in 1990s,and decreased from the beginning of the 21st century;The frequency and intensity of gale disaster in Aksu,Kashgar and Bayinholin were more than other places in Southern Xinjiang,therefore,they were the main places for disaster prevention and post-disaster relieving.The frequency and intensity of gale disaster in Hotan and Kizilsu were less than other places,and they were the secondary main places for disaster prevention and post-disaster relieving.(2) Strong,moderate and slight gale disasters existed in Southern Xinjiang.Bayinholin was the strong disaster area while Aksu,Kashgar,Hotan was moderate disaster area and Kizilsu was slight disaster area.(3) In April and May,the frequency of gale disaster was more and the accumulative duration of disaster was long,furthermore,April and May was the crop planting and seedling period in this area,and the gale disaster occured more easily,therefore,April and May were the main periods for disaster prevention and post-disaster relieving.(4) The total area of the gale impacted farmland was increased with the increase of cropland area,and the speed of the increase of the total area of the gale impacted farmland was faster than the increase of the total area of cropland area.It is suggested that the investment for disaster prevention should be increased,the ecological environment of the area should be improved,and the disaster relief systems should be established for strengthening the disaster prevention and control.