Soil-living parasitic Hymenoptera: comparison between a forest and an open landscape habitat |
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Authors: | Werner Ulrich |
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Affiliation: | Nicolaus Copernicus University Toru, Department of Animal Ecology, Gagarina 9, 87-100, Toru, Poland |
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Abstract: | Community structures and local diversity patterns of parasitic Hymenoptera with soil and leaf litter hosts were studied in a German beech forest and a meadow. Hymenoptera appeared to be one of the most species-rich taxa associated with the soil. Eighty-eight species were found in the meadow (total density of 128 ind. m−2 yr−1) and 188 species (149 ind. m−2 yr−1) in the forest. The mean parasitism rates were above 60% for parasitoids of mycetophagous Diptera and between 7% and 26% for parasitoids of saprophagous Diptera. Species overlap between both habitats was higher than expected from a random sample model. Species common to both habitats were primarily parasitoids of predatory Coleoptera. High mean densities of these species support the hypothesis of a positive correlation between local abundance and range size. |
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Keywords: | Author Keywords: Hymenoptera Parasitoids Soil Community structure Parasitism Diversity |
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