大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白对小麦旗叶面积及其光合特性和籽粒产量的影响

为明确大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白（Verticillium Dahliae Asp-f2 Like，简称VDAL）对冬小麦旗叶面积、花后光合特性及籽粒产量的影响，于2017-2018和2018-2019年两个小麦生长季，以强筋冬小麦品种藁优2018为材料，在河北藁城设置大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白种子包衣，并在大田条件下设置春三叶（倒四叶）露尖（S3）、春四叶（倒三叶）露尖（S4）、春五叶（倒二叶）露尖（S5）、春六叶（旗叶）露尖（S6）以及孕穗期（SB）叶面喷施VDAL和全生育期不喷施VDAL（S0）6个处理，以不包衣且不喷施为对照（CK），分析了VDAL对小麦旗叶面积、花后光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明，S4和S5处理显著（P＜0.05）增加了旗叶的长或宽，从而增大了叶面积。S4、S5和S6处理可以维持旗叶花后较高水平的净光合速率。各喷施处理的籽粒产量均有不同程度的提高，与CK相比，两年间S4处理的籽粒产量均显著（P＜0.05）提高，2018-2019年，S5处理的穗粒数和籽粒产量也显著（P＜0.05）提高。综上，采用VDAL种子包衣，并于春生4~5叶龄喷施VDAL，可以增加旗叶面积和旗叶花后净光合速率，提高穗粒数和千粒重，从而达到增加产量的目的。

Effect of Verticillium Dahliae Asp-f2 Like(VDAL) on Flag Leaf Area, Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics and Grain Yield of Wheat

In order to clarify the effect of Verticillium Dahliae Asp-f2 like(VDAL) on the top-leaf area, its photosynthetic characteristics post-anthesis and the grain yield of winter wheat, the field comparison experiment was conducted in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 wheat growth seasons, by the cultivar Gaoyou 2018 coated with VDAL, and foliar spraying with VDAL was done on spring 3-leaf stage(S3), spring 4-leaf stage(S4), spring 5-leaf stage(S5), spring 6-leaf stage(S6), booting stage(SB) and no spraying in the full growth period(S0), with no coating or spraying as the control(CK). The results showed that S4 and S5 treatments significantly increased top-leaf length or width, thereby increased the area. S4, S5 and S6 treatments maintained a high level of net photosynthetic rate. The grain yield of S4 treatment in two years was significantly increased compared with CK. The grain amounts per spike and the grain yield of S5 treatment was significantly increased in 2018-2019. To sum up, seed coating and spraying with VDAL in spring 4 to 5 leaf age could increase the area of top-leaf, the net photosynthetic rate of top-leaf post-anthesis and the grain amounts per spike and the 1 000 grain weight, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing grain yield.