接种AM真菌对不同盐度土壤中向日葵生长的影响

采用温室盆栽的方法，模拟不同程度盐渍化土壤（外源添加NaCl 0、0.5、1.0 g·kg^-1和1.5 g·kg^-1），研究接种AM真菌Funneliformis mosseae（F.mosseae）对向日葵菌根侵染率、生物量、矿质营养元素吸收、Na⁺吸收、抗氧化酶活性和膜系统、渗透平衡物质含量、光合作用以及水分利用率的影响。结果显示，NaCl浓度可显著影响AM真菌F.mosseae对向日葵根系的侵染，平均菌根侵染率为51.99%~68.85%；随着NaCl浓度的增加，向日葵地上部干质量和总干质量显著降低，地上部和根部Na⁺含量和积累量显著增加，叶片过氧化物酶（POD）活性显著降低，丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸含量显著增加，净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和水分利用率显著降低；不同浓度NaCl胁迫下，接种AM真菌使向日葵总干质量显著增加了16.95%~28.97%，地上部和根部磷含量分别显著增加了33.77%~54.29%和36.07%~52.63%，地上部和根部Na⁺含量显著增加，叶片POD活性显著增加，脯氨酸含量显著降低了80.26%~87.05%，净光合速率和蒸腾速率分别增加7.70%~80.00%和7.27%~32.53%，水分利用率显著增加了8.93%~14.97%。研究表明，AM真菌能够增强向日葵对盐胁迫的抵抗能力并促进其生长。研究为利用AM真菌联合耐盐作物修复盐渍化土壤以及拓宽盐渍土的开发和利用，提供基础数据和技术支持。

Effects of inoculation with AM fungi on the growth of sunflower grown in soil with different saltinity

A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Funneliformis mosseae) on the mycorrhizal colonization rate, biomass, nutrient uptake, Na⁺ absorption, antioxidant enzyme activity and membrane system, osmotic substance content, photosynthesis, and water-use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in soils with four levels of NaCl concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0 g·kg^-1 and 1.5 g·kg^-1). The aim of this study was to provide basic data and technical support for the application of AM fungi in salt-tolerant crops to remediate soil salinity and to enhance the development and utilization of salinized soils. The results showed that the NaCl concentration significantly affected the extent of infection of sunflower root by F. mosseae. The average mycorrhizal infection rate ranged from 51.99% to 68.85%. With increasing NaCl concentration, the accumulation and content of Na⁺, as well as the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, were significantly increased in both root and shoot. Salinity stress significantly decreased the shoot and total dry weight of sunflower, the activity of peroxidase (POD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr),and water-use efficiency. Under different NaCl concentrations, the application of AM fungi significantly increased the total dry weight (by 16.95% to 28.97%), P concentrations in shoot (by 33.77% to 54.29%) and root (by 36.07% to 52.63%), Pn (by 7.70% to 80.00%), Tr (by 7.27% to 32.53%), water-use efficiency (by 8.93% to 14.97%), Na⁺ content in shoot and root, and POD activity of sunflower; however, it significantly decreased the proline content by 80.26% to 87.05%. Our study indicated that the AM fungi can increase the resistance of sunflower to salinity stress and promote its growth. It is of great significance and potential application value for the remediation, development, and utilization of salinized soils.