一次大暴雨引发的城市内涝灾害防御思考

近年来常常一场大暴雨的突发，就会导致一座大城市发生内涝，出现交通、水电、网络等设施的中断，造成人民生命财产安全遭受严重的损失，为了避免或减轻由于城市内涝灾害而造成的损失，以合川为例，分析了引发城市内涝的主要影响因子，包括特殊的地形地貌、复杂的气候因素、快速的城市化发展等，特别是引发城市内涝的直接气象因子暴雨。通过当地民政局灾情调查统计数据和气象局1965-2019年暴雨观测统计资料，利用线性回归和统计分析方法，得出合川的暴雨年代际变化较为明显，总体呈逐年代上升趋势，暴雨日数的年际变化较大，不同年份间的暴雨日数在0-8天不等，且季节性特征非常明显，暴雨发生频率最高的月份出现6月和7月。基于合川暴雨的气候背景特征，结合本地的实际情况，试探性地提出应对城市内涝的系列气象服务防御措施，从而有效解决城市内涝问题。

Thoughts on urban waterlogging disaster prevention caused by a heavy rain

In recent years, a sudden rainstorm often leads to waterlogging in a big city, the interruption of transportation, water and electricity, network and other facilities, which causes serious loss of people''s life and property. In order to avoid or reduce the loss caused by urban waterlogging disaster, taking Hechuan as an example, this paper analyzes the main influencing factors of urban waterlogging, including special terrain Appearance, complex climate factors, rapid urbanization development and so on, especially the direct meteorological factors causing urban waterlogging rainstorm. Based on the disaster investigation statistics of the local civil affairs bureau and the rainstorm observation statistics of the Meteorological Bureau from 1965 to 2019, using the methods of linear regression and statistical analysis, it is concluded that the rainstorm in Hechuan has obvious interdecadal change, with the trend of increasing year by year. The rainstorm days vary greatly from 0 to 8 days in different years, and the seasonal characteristics are very obvious The most frequent months were June and July. Based on the climate background characteristics of heavy rain in Hechuan, combined with the local actual situation, a series of meteorological service defense measures are tentatively put forward to deal with urban waterlogging, so as to effectively solve the problem of urban waterlogging.