减少灌水量对强筋小麦花后干物质和氮素积累、转运及产量的影响

为探究灌水量对强筋小麦花后干物质和氮素积累、转运及产量的影响，选用强筋小麦品种中麦998和中麦1062，在防雨棚池栽条件下，春季于拔节期和开花期灌水，每时期设600（W₆₀₀）、300（W₃₀₀）和0 m·hm^-2（W₀）3个灌水量处理，研究了减少灌水量对强筋小麦花后干物质含量、氮素积累和转运、籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和产量的影响。结果表明，随春季灌水量的减少，强筋小麦植株干物质积累量、氮素积累量、粒重比、叶重比、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量均表现为下降趋势，而蛋白质含量和水分利用效率呈上升趋势。两品种叶片氮素转运量和氮素转运效率以W₃₀₀处理下最高，且叶片氮素转运效率在W₃₀₀和W₆₀₀处理之间均无显著差异。中麦1062在W₀和W₃₀₀处理下水分利用效率无显著差异，中麦998在W₃₀₀和W₆₀₀处理下蛋白质含量无显著差异。综上可见，W₃₀₀处理既能有效提高强筋小麦花后干物质转运量，维持较高的产量和水分利用效率，同时又能提高氮素转运量和籽粒蛋白质含量，达到节水高产的目的。

Effect of Reducing Irrigation Amount on the Accumulation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Nitrogen and Grain Yield after Flowering of Strong Gluten Wheat

In order to explore the effects of irrigation amount on the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen and grain yield after flowering of strong gluten wheat, Zhongmai 998 and Zhongmai 1062 were selected as materials, irrigated at jointing stage and flowering stage in spring under the conditions of rainproof shed and pool planting. Three irrigation amount treatments (600,300 and 0 m·hm^-2) were set up in each period,and the effects of reduced irrigation on dry matter content, nitrogen accumulation and transport after anthesis, grain yield, protein content and yield of strong gluten wheat were studied. The results showed that with the decrease of spring irrigation, the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, grain to weight ratio,leaf to weight ratio,grain yield and protein yield of strong gluten wheat plants showed downward trend, while the protein content and water use efficiency showed upward trend.The nitrogen transport amount and nitrogen transport efficiency of leaves were the highest under W₃₀₀ treatment,and there was no signficant difference for nitrogen transport efficiency of leaves between W₃₀₀ and W₆₀₀.There was no significant difference for water use efficiency of Zhongmai 1062 between W₀ and W₃₀₀, and there was no significant difference for protein content of Zhongmai 998 between W₃₀₀ and W₆₀₀. In summary, the W₃₀₀ treatment could effectively increase the dry matter transport amount of strong gluten wheat after flowering, maintain higher yield and water use efficiency, and increase the nitrogen transport amount and grain protein content to achieve the purposes of water saving and high yield.