复合菌肥与化肥配施对高寒地区土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响

以种植第3年的金皇后紫花苜蓿为材料,以不施肥为对照,研究了固氮菌肥、磷肥、混合菌肥及磷肥与混合菌肥不同比例配施对高寒区土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同比例配施处理后,0~10、10~20cm土层中土壤微生物(细菌、放线菌、真菌)总数、脲酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶活性均增加。土壤3大类微生物数量均表现为细菌放线菌真菌。0~10cm土层中的微生物数量均高于10~20cm土层中的数量。不同比例的磷肥与混合菌肥配施后的细菌、放线菌数量高于单施磷肥或混合菌肥后的数量,配施后各土层的细菌数量与对照和单施磷肥或混合菌肥后的数量之间有着显著差异。施加50%磷肥+混合菌肥后细菌、真菌数量最多。0~10cm土层中的脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶高于10~20cm土层中的酶活力,但10~20cm土层中的过氧化氢酶活力高于0~10cm土层中的酶活力。不同比例的磷肥与混合菌肥配施后的脲酶活力高于单施磷肥或混合菌肥后的酶活力。相关性研究表明,施肥后各土层土壤微生物与土壤酶之间存在不同程度的相关性。

Effect of combined application of phosphate and microbial fertilizer on soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity in alpine region

The alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv.Gold queen)was used to study the effects of phosphate fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity in alpine region.Results showed that the soil microorganisms number (bacteria,fungi,actinomycete),urease and invertase,protease activity were in-creased after fertilization treatments in different soil layers (0 to 10 cm,10 to 20 cm).The number of bacteria was more than actinomycetes,and which was followed by fungi.The number of microorganisms in 0 to10 cm soil layer was higher than that in 10 to 20 cm.The number of bacteria and actinomyces in treatment of phos-phorus + mixed microbial fertilizer were higher than those in treatment of single phosphorus fertilizer and mixed microbial fertilizer.After applying 50% phosphorus and mixed microbial fertilizer,the number of bacteria and fungi were the largest.Urease,invertase and alkaline phosphatase and protease in 0 to 10 cm soil layer were higher than those in 10 to 20 cm.However,the hydrogen peroxide enzyme activity in 10 to 20 cm soil layer was higher than that in 0 to 10 cm.Urease activity in treatment of phosphorus + mixed microbial fertilizer was higher than other treatments.The microorganisms correlated to soil enzymes after fertilization.