南平市水稻土主要养分状况研究

研究和掌握水稻土主要养分状况，分析其变化原因，为指导水稻合理施肥和培肥地力提供科学依据。根据农业部测土配方施肥技术规范的要求，对全市采集的3.50万个水稻土耕作层土样的主要养分含量及pH进行化验分析。土壤有机质平均含量为32.7 g/kg，属较为丰富水平；碱解氮平均含量为162 mg/kg，属中等至较丰富水平；有效磷平均含量为17.1 mg/kg，属中等水平；速效钾平均含量为71 mg/kg，属较缺乏水平；土壤平均pH 5.0，土壤呈酸性反应。与第二次全国土壤普查数据结果比较，土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷分别增加1.24%、9.10%、35.71%；速效钾下降24.63%；pH下降0.2个单位。对水田土壤应加强农业和工程的改土培肥措施，水稻施肥应注意“控氮、稳磷、增钾”。

Main Nutrient Status of Paddy Soil in Nanping City

The aim of the study was to provide a method for reasonable fertilization and soil fertility provement of paddy rice, by studying and analyzing the paddy soil nutrient status and its causes of change. 35000 samples of plough layer of paddy soil in Nanping City were collected to test and analyze the main nutrient content and soil pH, according to soil testing formula fertilization technical specification provided by the Ministry of Agriculture. The results showed that the average content of soil organic matter was 32.7 g/kg, nearly reaching the abundant levels; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was 162 mg/kg on average, belonging to a moderate to rich level; the available phosphorus content was 17.1 mg/kg on average, reaching the medium level; the average content of available K was 71 mg/kg, belonging to the lower level; the soil pH was 5.0 on average, belonging to acid soil. Compared with the data of the second soil census, the increasing ratio of the soil organic matter, the alkali-hydro nitrogen and the available phosphorus were 1.24%, 9.10% and 35.71%, respectively, but available K content was decreased by 24.63%; the soil pH value was decreased by 0.2 units. In Nanping City, soil fertility improvement measures for paddy soil should be continued and the fertilization for paddy rice is to control application of N and P fertilizer and increase application of K fertilizer.