山东主要农作物籽实及不同器官的热值研究

探讨不同农作物各器官的热值含量，为提高光能利用率和种植结构调整及农艺调控措施提供理论依据。本研究采集山东地区23 种农作物籽实或块根及5 种农作物不同器官，采用氧弹式量热仪测量其热值。农作物籽实或块根热值变化范围在16357.72~29513.69 J/g 之间；油料作物芝麻的热值达到了29513.69 J/g，是水生作物中莲藕（块根）的1.8 倍。不同类别农作物籽实热值的高低顺序为：油料作物＞豆类作物＞禾谷类作物＞水生作物；陆生薯芋类块根热值略高于水生作物莲藕。相同作物不同器官的热值顺序为籽实(20005.80 J/g)＞叶(17452.77 J/g)＞茎鞘(16911.04 J/g)；不同作物的籽实和茎鞘热值最高的是花生，叶片热值最高的是甘薯。农作物种类及类别不同，其籽实或块根热值之间差别巨大；相同作物不同器官的热值亦存在较大差异，不同作物相同器官的热值也存在一定差异。

Study on Caloric Value of Crop Seeds and Various Crop Organs in Shandong Province

To explore the caloric value of different crop organs, so as to provide the theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of light energy and planting structure adjustment as well as regulation of agronomic measure. This study collected 23 crop seeds or tuberous root and 5 crop organs in Shandong, and the caloric value was measured using oxygen bomb calorimeter. The results showed that the crop seeds or tuberous root caloric value ranged from 16357.72 to 29513.69 J/g; the caloric value of sesame of oil crop reach 29513.69 J/g, it was 1.8 times the caloric value of the lotus root （tuberous root） of aquatic crop. The caloric value of different types of crop seeds was observed as： oil crop〉legume crop 〉cereal crop〉aquatic crop; but the caloric value of lotus root tuberous root of aquatic crop was lower than that of the potato Tania root of terrestrial plants. The caloric value of crop organs difference within crops decreased in the following order： seeds （20005.80 J/g） 〉leaves （17452.77 J/g） 〉stem （16911.04 J/g）; the seeds and stem of peanut had the highest caloric value, the leaves of sweet potato had the highest caloric value. Different crop species and types had obviously different caloric value of the crop seeds or tuberous root. The calorie value of the different crop organs also differed significantly within the same crop species, so did the same crop organs within the different crop species.