兰科植物种子表面消毒方法及其对种子萌发率的影响

兰花的种子夹在贮藏时期易于开裂而使种子污染，因而不适用于无菌的组培作业。为探究合适兰科植物种子的表面消毒方法，并将其应用到无菌萌发研究及生产之中，以兰科植物贵州地宝兰(Geodorum eulophioides)的种子为研究对象，利用一种尼龙网种子袋对兰科植物微小种子进行了表面消毒方法比较的研究。在试验中比较了不同消毒剂及不同消毒时间对种子萌发率的影响。结果表明，75%酒精消毒30 s会使贵州地宝兰种子失去活性，不适用于其表面消毒；2% NaClO溶液的消毒效果与消毒时间成正比，当消毒时间增加为6 min时没有污染，消毒效果较好，种子萌发率达到33.88%，且其对贵州地宝兰种子萌发率后续生长无影响，因此是一种有效的表面消毒方法，可适用于兰科植物种子无菌萌发的研究及生产实践。

Surface Disinfection Methods of Orchid Seeds and Their Effects on Seed Germination Rate

The capsules of orchids are easy to crack during storage, which cause a big problem during sterile tissue culture work. Finding a simple method of surface disinfection for orchid seeds, and applying it to tissue culture of orchids are very helpful. In this study, seeds of Geodorum eulophioides were used to test. Tiny seeds of orchid were put into those bags made by nylon mesh, then used different ways to sterilize the surface of tiny seeds of Geodorum eulophioides. Germination rate of seeds used to value the effect of those sterile conditions by different reagents. The results showed that seeds dealt with 75% alcohol for 30 s could cause the loss of seed activity, which was not suitable for surface disinfection of orchid seeds. The disinfection effect of 2% NaClO solution was proportional to the time, contamination rate turned to be 0 when processing time increased to 6 min, the germination rate reached 33.88 %, and it had no significant effect on the germination rate and following growth of Geodorum eulophioides. This is an efficient method of seed surface disinfection, which can be applied to the production and research of orchid seeds germination work.