蚯蚓生物床工程处理对牛粪性质的影响

利用蚯蚓处理有机固体废弃物比传统技术手段具有更明显的优越性，得到越来越广泛的关注。试验通过蚯蚓生物床工程处理牛粪，采用室内分析的方法研究处理前后性质变化特征。结果表明：牛粪经蚯蚓生物床处理后的通水性和透气性得到明显改善，易干燥，无臭气，含水率和电导率明显下降，pH值趋于中性。蚯蚓生物床工程处理使全氮和有机质含量下降，提高了铵态氮、硝态氮、全钾、全磷、有机磷、无机磷和速效磷的含量，降低了钾的生物有效性，对腐殖酸含量无明显影响。对Cr、Cd和Cu的去除效果较好，对Pb、Mn、Zn和Fe的去除效果不佳。蚯蚓生物床工程处理过程丰富了蚯蚓粪中微生物区系，增加了过氧化氢酶活性，降低了脲酶活性，使牛粪中的碳水化合物发生逐步分解，生成腐殖物质，同时使水溶性有机硅化合物分解为无机硅氧化物。

Effect of earthworm bio-bed treatment on properties of cow manure

Using earthworms for the treatment of organic solid wastes has more advantages than conventional techniques and aroused extensive attention. In this study, cow manure was treated by earthworm bio-bed, and then changes of physicochemical and biological properties of cow manure before and after the treatment were investigated based on laboratory measurements. The results showed that cow manure after the earthworm bio-bed treatment had advantages of better water and air penetrating properties, easy drying and no order. Both water content and electrical conductivity in cow manure significantly decreased, and pH tended to be neutral. The earthworm bio-bed treatment reduced total nitrogen and organic matter content but elevated ammonium and nitrate content in the manure. Total potassium and total phosphorus, including the fractions of organic phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus and available phosphorus in treated manure increased while available potassium decreased. Humic acid content had no significant changes. The removal efficiency of Cr, Cd and Cu by the treatment was better than that of Pb, Mn, Zn and Fe. The treatment process enriched microbial flora, increased catalase activity and reduced urease activity in vermicompost. In addition, the carbohydrates in the cow manure gradually decomposed and changed to humic substances, while water-soluble organic silicon compounds were converted into inorganic silicon oxides during the earthworm bio-bed treatment.