油菜脱出物漂浮速度及摩擦与浸润特性的测定与分析

为了研究油菜脱出物的漂浮、摩擦、浸润特性及其对油菜清选性能的影响，采用DFPF-25型漂浮速度试验装置、UMT-2型微观摩擦磨损试验机和CAM101型接触角测量仪对油菜脱出物主要成分的漂浮速度、多频往复摩擦特性和浸润性进行了测定和分析。试验结果表明：油菜脱出物中的角果皮、短茎秆和油菜籽的漂浮速度差异较小，导致油菜风选作用不明显；多频往复条件下的油菜茎秆、角果与筛面的摩擦因数呈周期性变化，茎秆与筛面基体间的瞬时摩擦因数大于1.0，角果皮的最大摩擦因数为0.2，导致茎秆比角果皮更容易与筛面粘连；茎秆外表面亲油疏水，角果皮外表面亲油亲水，表明油菜脱出物中的油性成分对混合物中的细小成分更具有粘合作用。因此研发具有低摩擦、疏水疏油特性的新型筛面是解决油菜清选粘筛堵孔难题的关键。

Testing and analysis on rape excursion components characteristics in floating, friction and wettability

In order to research the floating, friction and wetting characteristics of rape and study how they effect the rape cleaning performance, DFPF-25 floating speed instrument, umt-2 friction and wear tester and cam101 contact angle instrument were used to test the floating speed, multifrequency reciprocation friction factor and contact angle on rape excursion components. The results showed that similar floating speed of three rape excursion components lead to an unobvious effect of wind in the cleaning process; and friction factor changed periodically in multifrequency reciprocation condition and instantaneous friction factor of rape stem exceeded 1.0 while the maximum friction factor of rape husk was 0.2, which indicated that rape stems detached harder from cleaning sieve than rape husks. Rape stems surface were hydrophobic and lipophilic while rape husks surface were hydrophilic and lipophilic, which implied that oily ingredients contributed more to rape excursion than water. Therefore, developing low friction, hydrophobic and oleophobic cleaning sieve is the key of resolving the problem of rape excursion adhesion and jams on the sieve in the cleaning process.