Genetic gains in Nordic spring barley breeding over sixty years |
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Authors: | Rodomiro Ortiz Minna Nurminiemi Sten Madsen Odd Arne Rognli Åsmund Bjørnstad |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Agricultural Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark 2. Dept. of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O.B. 5040, N-1432, ?s, Norway 3. Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, Agricultural University of Norway, N-1432, ?s, Norway
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Abstract: | Accurate assessments of genetic gains ensuing from plant breeding for the most important agronomic characteristics in Nordic
spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) are not available. Hence this research was aimed to determine the rate of genetic improvement in the Nordic barley breeding
pool. This study included 90, 2-row spring barley cultivars released (1942–1988) and29, 6-row spring barley cultivars released(1930–1991)
adopted by Nordic farmers that were tested in four Nordic locations for three consecutive years. Relative genetic gain owing
to plant breeding was 13% in2-row barley and 34% in 6-row barley for grain yield. The absolute gain for this characteristic
was 13 ± 3 kg ha-1 year -1 in 2-row barley, and22 ± 3 kg ha-1 year-1 in6-row barley. Improved yield was achieved in Nordic barley by reducing plant height(0.20 ± 0.04 cm year-1 for 2-rowbarley and 0.16 ± 0.06 cm year-1for 6-row cultivars), thereby reducing significantly lodging (0.5 ± 0.1%year-1 and 0.4 ± 0.1year-1), and increasing significantly the harvest index (0.0008 ± 0.0002year-1 and 0.0018 ± 0.0002year-1). Additionally, in 2-row spring barley cultivars resistance to powdery mildew (0.19 ± 0.08% year-1)and thousand-kernel weight (0.07 ±0.03 g year-1) were also significantly enhanced, whereas hectoliter weight was improved (0.06 ± 0.02 kg year-1)in 6-row barley cultivars in the period investigated.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | adaptation evolution grain yield Hordeum vulgare Nordic Region Scandinavia |
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