菜园土中重金属和氟的迁移累积及蔬菜对重金属的富集作用

土壤中重金属及F含量的表/底土比可大致反映这些污染元素在土壤中的迁移和累积情况。试验表明,3种菜园土对Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Cr,F的富集顺序为灰菜园土>菜园红土>潮菜园土,在各污染元素中,3种菜园土对Pb,Zn的富集作用最强;Cu,Cd次之;Cr,F最弱。蔬菜与土壤Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb含量的比值(菜/土比),也可大致反映出各种蔬菜对它们的吸收富集情况。试验表明,大多数蔬菜对Cd的吸富集作用最强;其次是Zn;对Cu,Pb的吸收富集较弱。在各种蔬菜中,叶菜类对上述重金属的吸收富集作用大于果菜和根菜类,在叶菜中又以莴笋、苋菜、小白菜最强,包菜最弱。

MIGRATION AND ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS AND FIN GARDEN SOILS AND VEGETABLES

The ratio of heavy metal, and F concentrations in the topsoil to that in thesubsoil may be an index to make certain of the extent for the migration and accumulation ofthese pollutants. Experiments indicated that the order of accumulations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Crand F in the three garden soil types were as follows: Calcarous soils>red soils>alluvialsoils. Among the pollutants estimated, Pb and Zn pertain were of the highest accumulation,Iower for Cu and Cd, and lowest for Cd and F. Ratio of the Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb contents in thevegetable plant to that in soil may be also an index for the pollutants accumlation status invarious vegetables. Experiments indicated that the order of accumulations in the majorityvegetable studied is: Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb, Pb accumulated the least. Among all vegetables, theorder of heavy metal accumulations were as follows: leaf vegetables>fruit and root vegeta-bles. Among leaf vegetables, lettuce, amaranth and pakchoi accumulated the most, but cab-bage the least.