Spawning per recruit analysis of the pelagic thresher shark,Alopias pelagicus,in the eastern Taiwan waters |
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| Institution: | 1. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;2. The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Corscombe, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 0NT, UK;3. Misool Manta Project, Jalan Gunung Umsini No. 51, RT 03/RW 03 Kampung Baru, Sorong, Papua Barat 98413, Indonesia;4. Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden;5. Blue Resources, 86 Barnes Place, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;6. Conservation International, Jalan Pejaten Barat No. 16A, Kemang, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia;1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico;2. Programa Restauración de Tortugas Marinas, San José, Costa Rica;3. MigraMar, Forest Knolls, United States of America;4. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Chetumal, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México;5. Océanos Vivientes A. C., Mexico City, Mexico;6. Ecosistemas y Conservación: Proazul Terrestre A. C., La Paz, Mexico;7. Programa Tiburones y Rayas de Baja California, Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola y Pesquera de Ensenada, Instituto Nacional de la Pesca y Acuacultura, Ensenada, Mexico;8. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Manta, Ecuador;9. Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Curitiba, Brazil;10. Estación Hidrobiológica de Puerto Quequén, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” MACN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina;11. Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Program, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;12. Laboratorio de Biología y Conservación de Condrictios, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile;13. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica;14. Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica;15. Universidad de Oriente, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar Núcleo de Nueva Esparta, Venezuela;p. Proyecto Iniciativa Batoideos (PROVITA), Caracas, Venezuela;q. Fundación Alium Pacific, Cali, Colombia;r. Manta México Caribe A.C., Isla Mujeres, Mexico;s. MarAlliance, Ciudad de Saber, Panama City, Panama;t. Biology Department, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;u. Laboratório de Oceanografia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;v. Biomolecular Lab, Center for International Programs, Veritas University, San José, Costa Rica;w. Sala de Colecciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile;x. Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., La Paz, Mexico;y. Fins Attached Marine Research and Conservation, CO, United States of America;z. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico;11. Dutch Elasmobranch Society, Amsterdam, Netherlands;12. Laboratorio de Hidrobiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico;13. Setor de Morfologia, Pesquisa em Chondrichthyes, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil;14. Laboratorio de Ecología Pesquera, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Campeche, Mexico;15. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico;16. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Santa Marta, Colombia;17. Coastal Marine Education and Research Academy, Clearwater, FL, United States of America;18. Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia da Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;19. Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador;110. Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, Florida, USA 33004;111. Fundación Mundo Azul, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala;112. Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico;113. Asociación Conservacionista Misión Tiburón, Playas del Coco, Guanacaste, Costa Rica;114. Asociación Peruana para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Lima, Peru;115. National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, United States of America;1p. The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | The pelagic thresher shark, Alopias pelagicus, is a cosmopolitan species and abundant in Taiwan waters. Some of its biological information has been documented yet its population dynamics are poorly known. The purpose of this study is to assess the pelagic thresher shark stock status in the eastern Taiwan waters. The whole weights (W) of 51,748 individuals of the pelagic thresher shark landed at Nanfanao and Chengkung fish markets, eastern Taiwan from 1990 to 2004 were converted to precaudal length (PCL) based on the W–PCL relationship (W = 2.25 × 10?4 × PCL2.533, n = 2165). The sexes combined VBGE Lt = 189.5 × (1 ? e?0.10(t+6.47)) was used to estimate the age for each length group. Total mortality rates (Z) obtained with length-converted catch curves ranged from 0.208 to 0.277 year?1. Natural mortality rate (M) estimated from Hoenig method was 0.132 year?1, and exploitation rate (E) ranged from 0.069 to 0.127 for 1990–2004. Annual abundance was estimated to range from 97,551 in 2000 to 153,331 in 2003 from virtual population analysis, and the highest fishing mortality occurred in ages 8–18 years. There were four different scenarios being simulated in this study. Scenario 1 indicated that spawning per recruit (SPR) ranged from 23.07% in 2001 to 47.71% in 1990 with a mean of 36.41% for the period of 1990–2004. The mean SPR of pelagic thresher for 1990–2004 was below the BRP of SPR = 35% in scenarios 2–4 suggesting that this stock was slightly overexploited. Therefore, to ensure sustainable utilization of this stock, reduction of fishing effort and close monitoring on A. pelagicus are needed. |
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