不同土质下灌水盐度对滴灌棉花生理及产量品质的影响

在干旱、半干旱地区利用微咸水进行灌溉可以缓解淡水资源供需矛盾,但其灌溉效果与土壤质地是否相关有待研究。该研究旨在探讨灌水矿化度对不同土壤质地滴灌棉花生长发育和籽棉产量、纤维品质的影响。2022 年进行桶栽试验, 设置 2 种玛纳斯河流域常见的棉田土壤质地（砂壤土 T1、砂土 T2）和 4 个灌水矿化度（0.85（S0）、2.00（S1）、 5.00（S2）、8.00g/L（S3））,共 8 个试验处理,研究不同处理下棉花光合指标、株高、茎粗、产量及品质。结果表明： 随灌水矿化度增大,在砂土中棉花苗期后株高、茎粗、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、单铃质量、单株铃数、产量、灌溉水利 用效率和断裂比强度均呈现减小趋势,S3 处理的蒸腾速率在蕾期较 S0 降低 10.61%;而在砂壤土条件下,各指标呈先增 后减趋势,S1 处理净光合速率较 S0 增加 8.40%。随灌水矿化度升高,2 种土壤质地下棉花的最大荧光呈现减小趋势, 非光化学淬灭呈现增加趋势。通过回归分析可知,砂土棉田棉花产量与灌水矿化度呈负相关关系,而在砂壤土棉田中, 用小于 3.69 g/L 的灌溉水不会降低棉花产量。利用通径分析可知,在砂壤土条件下,棉花茎粗、蒸腾速率是影响产量的主要因素,株高是影响马克隆值的主要因素。在砂土条件下,非光化学淬灭系数、蒸腾速率是影响产量的 主要因素,株高、蒸腾速率是影响马克隆值的主要因素。该研究可为玛纳斯河流域不同土质棉田合理利用微咸水资源提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Effects of brackish water irrigation on the physiological characteristics, yield and quality of mulched drip irrigation cotton under different soil textures

Using brackish water for irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas can alleviate the supply-demand contradiction of freshwater resources. However, the correlation between its irrigation effect and soil texture remains to be studied. This study investigated the effects of irrigation mineralization on the growth and development of drip-irrigated cotton with different soil textures and the yield and fiber quality of seed cotton. In 2022, a barrel planting experiment was conducted to study two common cotton field soil textures (sandy loam soil T1 and sandy soil T2) and four irrigation mineralization degrees (0.85 (S0), 2.00 (S1), 5.00 (S2), and 8.00 g/L (S3)) in the Manas River Basin. Under different treatments, eight experimental treatments were used to study cotton photosynthetic indicators, plant height, stem diameter, yield, and quality. The results showed that as the mineralization degree of irrigation increased, the plant height, stem diameter, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, single boll weight, number of bolls per plant, yield, irrigation water use efficiency, and fracture ratio intensity of cotton seedlings in sandy soil showed a decreasing trend after the seedling stage. The transpiration rate of S3 treatment decreased by 10.61% compared to S0 during the bud stage. Under sandy loam conditions, all indicators showed an increasing and decreasing trend. The net photosynthetic rate of S1 treatment increased by 8.40% compared to S0. As irrigation''s mineralization degree increases, underground cotton''s maximum fluorescence in two soil types decreases, while nonphotochemical quenching shows an increasing trend. It can be concluded through regression analysis that there is a negative correlation between cotton yield and irrigation mineralization in sandy soil cotton fields. However, irrigation water less than 3.69 g/L in sandy loam cotton fields will not reduce cotton yield. Using path analysis, it can be concluded that cotton stem diameter and transpiration rate are the main factors affecting yield under sandy loam conditions. Plant height is the main factor affecting the micronaire value. Under sandy soil conditions, the nonphotochemical quenching coefficient and transpiration rate are the main factors affecting yield. In contrast, plant height and transpiration rate are the main factors affecting micronaire value. This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the rational utilization of brackish water resources in cotton fields with different soil types in the Manas River Basin.