益生菌对幼鱼生长发育的影响及调控机制

近年来，高密度、集约化的水产养殖模式导致养殖鱼类疾病频发，其中幼鱼发病率和死亡率的上升严重影响水产养殖业的健康快速发展。如何保障幼鱼的健康是当前水产养殖业亟需解决的问题。益生菌能够通过多种方式提高幼鱼的抗病力、增强幼鱼对营养素的摄取、促进幼鱼的生长发育。已有大量的研究阐述了益生菌在幼鱼生长发育及免疫调节中的作用，但相关机制还需深入探究。本文综述了近年来益生菌在幼鱼生长发育及抗病方面发挥的有益作用及其可能的机制，讨论了益生菌在幼鱼养殖应用时可能存在的问题以及发展方向，为益生菌在水产动物幼体养殖中的应用提供了理论参考。

Effects of probiotics on the growth and development of juvenile fish

The rise of intensive aquaculture in recent year has led to frequent occurrence of fish diseases, with the increased morbidity and mortality in juvenile fish posing a particularly serious threat to the development of the industry. Accordingly, how to protect the health of juvenile fish has become an urgent problem for the development of aquaculture. Probiotics can promote the growth and development of juvenile fish by resisting pathogens and water pollutants, promoting the uptake of nutrients, regulating the immune system, modulating intestinal microorganisms, and enhancing intestinal barrier of juvenile fish. However, the mechanisms related to such processes still require further exploration. This review summarizes the beneficial effects of probiotics on juvenile fish development and their possible mechanisms. We also address the challenge of the probiotics in juvenile fish farming, which may provide valuable information for the application of probiotics in juvenile aquaculture.