固体废弃物堆肥还田对制种玉米田理化性质和玉米产量及经济效益的影响

在河西走廊的制种玉米田,采用田间小区试验方法,将几种农业固体废弃物按比例混合,经发酵处理后,施入土壤,研究了固体废弃物对制种玉米田理化性质和玉米产量及经济效益的影响,结果表明:固体废弃物糠醛渣、牛粪、玉米秸秆、羊粪,各物料容积比为0.500:.20:0.20:0.10,施用量为45.00 t hm-2,改土培肥效应最佳,与ck(对照)比较,土壤总孔隙度、团粒结构、有机质、速效N、速效P、速效K、CEC分别增加了8.31%、8.73%、3.86 g kg-1、21.42 mg kg-1、7.47 mg kg-1、42.67 mg kg-1、13.07 cmol kg-1;自然含水量、贮水量分别增加了84.71 gkg-18、9.54 m3 hm-2;玉米增产量、增产值、利润分别增加了2.03万元hm-20、.51万元hm-2、和0.32万元hm-2;而土壤容重降低了0.22 g cm-3。土壤长期施用粉煤灰和生活垃圾将会导致土壤中重金属离子的富集;而长期施用锯末和糠醛渣不会引起土壤重金属离子的富集。处理间的差异显著性经LSR检验达到显著和极显著水平。

Effects of Returning Solid Waste Compost to Soil on Physical and Chemical Properties of soil in Seed Corn Field and its Corn Yield and Economic Benefits

A field plot test method was adopted in seed corn field of the Hexi Corridor.Several agricultural solid wastes were mixed in certain ratio and fermented and applied in the soil.The influences of the solid wastes on the physicochemical properties of soil in the corn field and its yield and economic benefits were investigated.The results showed that when the solid waste furfural residue,cow dung,maize straw and sheep manure were applied with the material volume ratio of 0.50∶0.20∶0.20∶0.10 and the application rate was 45.00 t hm-2,the soil improvement and fertilizer efficiency were best: compared to the control(ck),the total soil porosity,aggregate structure,organic matter,available N,available P,available K and CEC separately increased by 8.31%,8.73%,3.86 g kg-1,21.42 mg kg-1,7.47 mg kg-1,42.67 mg kg-1 and 13.07 cmol kg-1;natural water content and moisture storage increased by 84.71 g kg-1 and 89.54 m3 hm-2,respectively;maize yield,output value and profits separately increased by 20.3 thousand yuan hm-2,5100 yuan hm-2,and 3200 yuan hm-2;the soil bulk density decreased 0.22 g cm-3.Long-term application of fly ash and solid waste into soil would lead to the enrichment of heavy metals in soil;and long-term application of sawdust and furfural residue does not cause the enrichment of heavy metals.These differences were significant or extremely significant by the LSR test.