不同海拔下烤烟叶片化学成分的代谢规律研究

目的]研究不同海拔下烤烟(Nicotiana glauca L.)叶片化学成分的代谢规律,探讨不同海拔下烤烟生长过程中内部生理变化。方法]试验地选取在毕节市3个高、中、低海拔的典型烟叶产区,其中金沙县西洛乡为低海拔(840 m),大方县双山镇为中海拔(1 430m),威宁县牛棚镇为高海拔(2 100 m)。单因子随机区组设计,重复3次。结果]在移栽后50～95 d,不同海拔烤烟叶片化学成分代谢规律不完全相同。其中,低海拔下烟叶的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、紫黄质、叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、氨基酸含量和糖碱比呈线性下降趋势;中海拔下烟叶氨基酸含量呈线性下降趋势,而糖碱比及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、紫黄质、叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素含量先升高后降低;高海拔下烟叶糖碱比及叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素含量呈线性下降趋势,而叶绿素a、叶绿素b、紫黄质含量先升高后降低,氨基酸含量呈先降低后升高而后又降低的趋势。在移栽后95 d,烟叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、氨基酸含量与海拔呈正相关;还原糖含量、糖碱比与海拔呈负相关;淀粉和烟碱含量在低海拔下最适中,在高海拔、中海拔下表现为过高或过低。不同海拔下烤烟叶片新黄质、还原糖和烟碱含量的变化规律一致,其中新黄质含量先升高后降低,还原糖含量呈线性下降趋势,烟碱含量趋于稳步上升,但淀粉含量变化规律不同。结论]该研究可为毕节市不同海拔生态区域特色烟叶质量的形成提供参考。

Study on the Metabolism Rule of Chemical Components in Flue-cured Tobacco(Nicotiana glauca L.) Materials from Different Elevation

Objective] The purpose was to study the metabolism rule of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco materials from different elevation,and discuss the internal physiological changes during its growth period.Method] High,middle and low three elevations typical tobacco leaf production area in Bijie Region was as follows: Jinsha County in low elevation area(840 meters),Dafang County in middle elevation area(1 430 m),Weining County in high elevation area(2 100 m).Single factor randomized block design was used with three repeated.Result] The results indicated that after transplanting 50-95 days,the metabolism rule of the chemical compositions of the flue-cured tobacco leaves from different elevations were not completely same.Thereinto,in low elevation,tobacco leaves’ chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,violaxanthin,xanthophyl,β-carotene,amino acid content and sugar alkali ratio showed a linear downward trend;In middle elevation,tobacco leaves’ amino acid content showed a linear downward trend,while sugar alkali ration and chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,violaxanthin,xanthophyl,β-carotene content firstly increased then decreased;In high elevation,tobacco leaves’ sugar alkali ration,and xanthophyl and β-carotene content showed a linear downward trend,while chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,violaxanthin content firstly increased then decreased,amino acid content firstly decreased then increased finally decreased.After transplanting 95 days,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid and amino acid content of tobacco leaves had positive corelation with elevation;reducing sugar content and sugar alkali ration had negative corelation with elevation;starch and nicotine content were the most medium in low elevation,while too high or too low in high and middle elevation.In the different altitudes,the change law of neoxanthin,reducing sugar and nicotine content of tobacco leaves in different elevation was same,thereinto,neoxanthin content firstly increased then reduced,reducing sugar content showed a linear decrease trend,nicotine content increased steadily,but starch content’s change law was different.Conclusion] The study provides a reference for confirmation of distinctive tobacco leaves’ quality in different elevation ecological region of Bijie City.