紫花苕绿肥节能制干技术研究与示范应用

[目的]探索有效的紫花苕绿肥节能制干技术。[方法]采用直接晒干、直接烘干、晒-烘结合、挤压后烘干4种方法对光叶紫花苕鲜草进行制干处理,并比较其制干效果。[结果]直接晒干不耗能,但得到的干草呈黄色,草味差,营养损失大,其中CP和EE损失率分别为12.96%和19.82%。直接烘干得到的干草呈绿色,草味浓,营养基本无损失,干草品质好,但耗能大。晒—烘结合法得到的干草绿黄色、草味稍淡,营养成分损失差异不显著(P0.05),但烘干电耗减少55.6%,差异极显著(P0.01)。挤压后烘干法节约电耗66.7%,养分损失差异不显著(P0.05),制得的干草品质好,但需增加额外的设备和设备运转的能耗。示范应用试验表明,晒—烘结合法不增加劳动量,干草损失少,节煤60.4%。[结论]晒-烘结合法是制作绿肥干草较为理想的节能制干法,可以在生产中推广应用。

Study on the Energy-saving Drying Technique of Hairy Vetch Green Manure and Its Demonstration Application

[Objective] The research aimed to explore the valid energy-saving drying technology of hairy vetch green manure.[Method] Fresh grass of Vicia sativa L.was dried by using 4 methods of direct drying in the sun,direct drying by baking,drying combination in the sun with baking,and drying by baking after extrusion.And the drying effects of four methods were compared.[Result] The method of direct drying in the sun didn’t consume the energy,but the hay was yellow,with bad grassy smell,and nutrients had great losses.The loss rates of CP and EE were 12.96% and 19.82% respectively.The hay produced by the method of direct drying by baking was green,with good grassy smell and nutrients had less losses.The hay had good qualities,but the energy consumption was great.The hay produced by the method of drying combination in the sun with baking was green-yellow,with light grassy smell,and the loss of nutrients had no significant difference(P>0.05),but the energy consumption reduced by 55.6%,with extremely significant difference(P<0.01).The method of drying by baking after extrusion saved energy consumption by 66.7%,and nutrient loss had no significant difference(P>0.05).The produced hay had good qualities,but it needed to increase the energy consumption of additional equipments and equipment operation.The demonstration application test showed that the method of drying combination in the sun with baking didn’t need to increase labor force,hay loss was less and the consumed coal saved 60.4%.[Conclusion] The method of drying combination in the sun with baking was the most ideal energy-saving method for making green manure dry grass and it could be popularized and applied in the production.