不同根域空间施有机肥对苹果15N吸收利用和产量品质的影响

目的]为苹果生产中有限有机肥的合理施用提供科学依据。方法]以2、10年生红富士苹果和平邑甜茶为试材,研究在1/4、2/4和4/4 3个根域空间施等量有机肥条件下幼树生长、15N-尿素吸收、利用与分配,果实产量和品质的变化。结果]在施等量有机肥的条件下,随着有机肥施用空间的减小,幼树生物量明显升高,1/4和2/4处理增幅分别是4/4处理的72.7%和26.7%;1/4和2/4处理各器官的Ndff值均高于4/4处理,且以1/4处理最显著;随有机肥施用空间的减小,根、茎和叶片3个器官15N分配率之间的差异逐渐减小,植株15N利用率在0.05水平显著提高,4/4、2/4和1/4处理15N利用率分别为0.89%、1.51%和2.99%;15N利用率与根系生物量呈0.05水平显著正相关(R=0.95)。减小有机肥施肥空间能明显提高结果树产量、果实糖度、硬度和单果重。结论]在有机肥源不足的情况下,局部优化施肥能提高幼树15N利用率,促进各器官均衡生长,提高结果树果实产量、果实糖度、硬度和单果重。

Effects of Different Root Space Applying Organic Manure on 15N Absorption and Utilization,Fruit yield and Quality of Apple Trees

Objective]The aim of the study was to provide a theoretical basis for the appropriate fertilizer of limited organic manure for apple under field conditions.Method] 3 treatments of 1/4,2/4 and 4/4 root zone were set applying organic manure to investigate the changes of plant growth,15N absorption,allocation,and utilization of 2-year-old,fruit production and quality of 10-year-old apple trees(Malus domestica Borkh.’Red Fuji’/ Malus hupehensis).Result]Tthe biomass of young tree significantly increased as the space of organic fertilizer application reduced.Compared with 4/4,1/4 and 2/4 treatments could increase 72.7% and 26.7% respectively.Ndff value of various organs of 1/4 and 2/4 treatments was higher than that of 4/4 treatment,and 1/4 treatment was most significantly.The differences of 15N distribution ratio to roots,stems and leaves reduced and 15N utilization increased significantly as the space of organic fertilizer application reduced.15N utilization of 4/4,2/4 and 1/4 treatments were 0.89%,1.51% and 2.99% respectively.15N utilization and root biomass had positive correlation significantly(R=0.95).Yield per plant,fruit suger degree,fimness,and fruit weight improved as the space of organic fertilizer application reduced.Conclusion]Optimization fertilization could improve 15N utilization,promote the balanced growth of various organs and improve yield per plant,fruit suger degree,fimness,and fruit weight under the poor organic manure.