温度对冬小麦灌浆时间和灌浆速度的影响

目的]研究温度对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)灌浆的影响,揭示灌浆期间温度条件对小麦灌浆的影响规律。方法]分析了1981～1997年郑引一号冬小麦灌浆期间的平均温度、日最高气温以及气温日较差对小麦灌浆时间及灌浆速度的影响。结果]小麦灌浆期间平均气温与灌浆时间呈抛物线关系,5月上、中旬平均气温与灌浆速度呈线性正相关,而下旬平均温度与灌浆速度呈线性负相关,日最高气温过高对二者都不利。气温日较差与灌浆时间呈极显著的线性正相关,与灌浆速度呈"S"型曲线关系,气温日较差大,对二者均有提高作用。结论]小麦灌浆期间日平均气温对灌浆时间、灌浆速度的影响各不相同,应及早采取措施,拓宽管理时间,稳定提高粒重。

Effects of Temperature on Filling Time and Filling Rate during Grain Filling Period of Winter Wheat(Triticum aestivum Linn.)

Objective]The effects of temperature on filling of winter wheat,to reveal its rules during grain filling period.Method]The effects of average temperature,daily highest temperature and the daily range of temperature on grain filling time,grain filling rate at the grain filling stage of winter wheat zhengyin No.1 were analyzed from 1981 to 1997.Result] The average temperature and filling time showed a parabolic relationship,the average temperature and filling rate were Positively and linearly correlated in the first ten days and the second ten days of May,and the average temperature and filling rate were negatively correlated in late May.If the daily maximum temperature was too high,both the filling time and filling rate declined.The daily range of temperature and filling time presented a significant linear positive correlation,the daily range of temperature and the filling rate showed "S" shaped curve,the greater diurnal temperature improved both of them.Conclusion] The daily average temperature had different effects on filling time and filling rate of wheat during grain filling period,so it is necessary to take measures as soon as possible to broaden the management time and improve grain weight stably.