早稻秸秆还田添加腐熟剂对晚稻产量及土壤养分的影响

[目的]研究秸秆还田添加腐熟剂对晚稻生长发育及土壤养分含量的影响。[方法]以协优46为供试晚稻品种,以秸秆不还田为对照,在秸秆还田的情况下添加家农、金葵子、鱼米香秸秆腐熟剂,研究秸秆腐熟剂对晚稻产量及土壤养分的影响。[结果]与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田可使晚稻穗粒数、实粒数、结实率及千粒重分别提高1.1~7.5粒、3.0~6.6粒、1.0个百分点~5.2个百分点、0.2~0.9 g,明显提高晚稻产量,平均增产357.5 kg/hm~2,增幅为5.8%;可使土壤容重减少0.03~0.06 g/cm3,pH降低0.20,土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、阳离子交换量(CEC)分别增加0.15~0.26 g/kg、0.04~0.11 g/kg、5.00~10.00 mg/kg、0.18~1.04 cmol/kg;添加秸秆腐熟剂对早稻秸秆腐解比自然情况下的腐解时间缩短15 d。[结论]秸秆还田添加腐熟剂可提高晚稻产量和土壤养分含量,3种腐熟剂增产和改善土壤养分的效果从好到差依次为金葵子、家农、鱼米香。

Effects of Adding Decomposition Agent on Late Rice Yield and Soil Nutrients under the Situation of Straw Returned to Field

Objective] The aim was to study effects of adding decomposition agent on late rice growth and soil nutrients.[Method] With Xieyou46 as test variety, straw not returned to field as CK, effects of adding decomposition agents such as Jianong, Jinkuizi, Yumixiang, on late rice yield and soil nutrients under the situation of straw returned to field were studied.[ Result] Compared with CK, grain number per ear, solid grain number, seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight of late rice could be improved by 1.1-7.5, 3.0-6.6 grains, 1.0-5.2 persents, 0.2-0.9 g under the situation of straw returned to field, average yield was increased by 357.5 kg/hm2 , with amplification of 5.8%;soil bulk density decreased 0.03-0.06 g/cm3 , pH reduced 0.20, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, cation ex-change capacity increased 0.15-0.26 g/kg, 0.04-0.11 g/kg, 5.00-10.00 mg/kg, 0.18-1.04 cmol/kg;adding straw decomposition a-gent on rice straw was reduced by 15 d than the natural condition of decay.[ Conclusion] Adding decomposition agent could improve late rice yield and soil nutrients, the order of yield increasing and soil nutrients improvement effect of three decomposition agents from good to poor is Jinkuizi, Jianong, Yumixiang.