有机肥替代部分无机肥对菜园土理化特性及果实养分的影响

以海南菜园土为试验对象,设计5个不同比例有机肥替代无机肥处理,于2016年11月下旬至2017年5月下旬在海南文昌进行大田试验,探讨有机无机肥不同配比对土壤理化性质和辣椒果实养分的影响。结果表明:土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量大小依次为0.7M>0.5M>0.3M,这说明在一定范围内,有机肥替代比例越高,土壤养分(碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质)含量就越高;5个处理试验饱和含水量大小依次为0.7M>0.5M>0.3M,土壤容重大小依次为0.7M<0.5M<0.3M,土壤总孔隙度大小依次为0.7M>0.5M>0.3M,说明在一定范围内,随着有机肥占比的增加,土壤的物理性质依次得到相应改善;土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性大小顺序皆为0.3M>0.5M>0.7M,说明0.3M处理为土壤酶活性最高且有机肥配比最适处理;0.7M处理中果实氮、磷、钾养分最高,钙、镁中量元素养分差异不显著,说明与有机肥配比关系较小。此结果说明有机肥替代30%无机肥能保持土壤酶活性,有机肥替代70%无机肥不仅能保证果实养分含量,而且能提高土壤肥力。 

Effect of Organic Fertilizer Substituting Part of Inorganic Fertilizer on Physical and Chemical Properties,Enzyme Activity and Fruit Nutrient of Garden Soil

In this paper, Hainan garden soil as the test object, the design of five different proportions of organic fertilizer instead of inorganic fertilizer treatment, in late November 2016 late May 2017 in Wenchang, Hainan field trials to explore the organic and inorganic fertilizer different ratio of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Nutrients in Pepper Fruits. The results showed that the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the soil were 0.7M>0.5M>0.3M, indicating that the higher the proportion of organic manure substitution, the higher the content of soil nutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter) within a certain range. The saturated water content of the five treatments was 0.7M>0.5M>0.3M, the soil bulk density was 0.7M<0.5M<0.3M, the total soil porosity was 0.7M>0.5M>0.3M, indicating that within a certain range, with the increase of the proportion of organic manure, soil physical properties were correspondingly improved; The order of the activities of catalase and urease in soil were 0.3M>0.5M>0.7M, 0.3M treatment for the highest activity of the most appropriate organic fertilizer ratio treatment; The highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition of 0.7M was found in the fruit. There was no significant difference in the nutrient contents of middle and middle calcium and magnesium, which indicated that the proportion of organic fertilizer was small.The results showed that substitution of organic fertilizer with 30% inorganic fertilizer can maintain the activity of soil enzyme, the substitution of organic fertilizer with 70% inorganic fertilizer not only can guarantee the nutrient content of fruit, but also can improve the soil fertility.