| Abstract: | The potential synergistic effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Pasteurella haemolytica in the production of pneumonia after aerosol/intranasal infection of conventionally reared lambs was evaluated. A mild clinical response was observed in lambs given virus and/or bacteria. Gross pulmonary lesions were seen in 3 of 6 lambs given RSV and then P haemolytica 3 or 6 days later, respectively (groups D and E), and in 1 lamb of 5 given virus and bacteria simultaneously (group G). Gross lesions were not seen in control sheep (group A), in lambs given virus or bacteria alone (groups B and C), or in lambs exposed to bacteria and then virus 3 days later (group F). Bovine RSV and P haemolytica were recovered from the lungs of 5 of 7 lambs with macroscopic lesions. Gross pulmonary lesions were cranioventral firm areas of red consolidation. Microscopically, the predominant lesion was a suppurative bronchopneumonia. Bovine RSV was recovered from the nasal cavity of 8 of 27 (30%) lambs given RSV during days 3 to 6 after viral inoculation, including 1 lamb in group B, 2 in groups D, E, and F, and 1 in group G. Pasteurella haemolytica was recovered from the nasal cavity of 9 of 28 (32%) inoculated lambs, including 2 lambs from groups C and E, 3 in group D, and 1 in groups F and G. Viral antigen, as determined by immunofluorescence, was concentrated mainly in individual cells in alveolar walls, some alveolar macrophages, and a few bronchiolar epithelial cells. In vitro alveolar macrophage assays indicated decreased numbers of Fc receptors on those macrophages collected from lambs given RSV 6 days before P haemolytica infection, as compared with that in the other groups. These cellular defects disappeared after 24 hours of culture. Seemingly, bovine RSV does facilitate P haemolytica pulmonary infection in conventional, immuno-competent lambs and provides evidence for decreased Fc receptors on alveolar macrophages. |
